Principles and Applications of Emulsion Polymerization provides a comprehensive, up-to-date reference on emulsion polymerization methods, focusing on the fundamental mechanisms and kinetics of each process as well as how they can be applied to the manufacture of environmentally-friendly polymeric materials. Topics covered include conventional emulsion polymerization, miniemulsion polymerization, microemulsion polymerization, industrial emulsion polymerization processes, important end-use properties of emulsion polymer (latex) products, andindustrial applications in paints, coatings, adhesives, paper and board, and other products. This is a premier reference for scientists exploring emulsion polymerization. INDICE: Chapter 1. Introduction. 1 Free Radical Polymerization. 1.1 Free Radical Polymerization Mechanisms. 1.2 Free Radical Polymerization Kinetics. 2 Emulsion Polymerization. 2.1 Conventional Emulsion Polymerization. 2.2 Emulsion Polymerization Processes. 2.3 Miniemulsion Polymerization. 2.4 MicroemulsionPolymerization. 2.5 Inverse Emulsion Polymerization. 3 Colloidal Stability. 3.1 A Critical But Often Ignored Issue. 3.2 Electrostatic Interactions. 3.3 Steric Interactions. 3.4 Mechanical Stability. 4 Some Performance Properties for Industrial Applications. 4.1 Rheology. 4.2 Film Formation. References. Chapter2. Interfacial Phenomena. 1 Thermodynamic Consideration. 1.1 Emulsification of oil in water. 1.2 Interfaces. 1.3 Surfactant Molecules Adsorbed at An Interface. 2 Surfactants. 2.1 Critical Micelle Concentration (CMC). 2.2 Hydrophile-Lipophile Balance (HLB). 2.3 Solubility Parameter. 3 Colloidal Stability. 3.1 van der Waals Forces. 3.2 Electrostatic Interactions. 3.3 Steric Interactions. 3.4 Kinetics of Flocculation. References. Chapter 3. Particle Nucleation Mechanisms. 1 Micellar Nucleation. 1.1 Harkins-Smith-Ewart Theory. 1.2 Competitive Absorption of Free Radicals by Micelles and Particle Nuclei. 2 Homogeneous Nucleation. 2.1 Formation of Particle Nuclei in the Continuous Aqueous Phase. 2.2Hansen-Ugelstad-Fitch-Tsai (HUFT) Model. 3 Coagulative Nucleation. 3.1 General Features of Coagulative Nucleation. 3.2 Coagulative Nucleation Model Development. 4 Mixed Mode of Particle Nucleation Mechanisms. 5 Surfactant-Free Emulsion Polymerization. 6 Experimental Work on Particle Nucleation. 6.1 A Dilemma about Particle Nucleation Mechanisms. 6.2 Some Representative Experimental Dataof Particle Nucleation. 6.3 Some Potential Techniques for Studying Particle Nucleation. 6.4 Effects of Surfactant Concentration on Particle Nucleation. 7 Nonionic and Mixed Surfactant Systems. 7.1 Nonionic Surfactant Systems. 7.2 Mixed Anionic and Nonionic Surfactant Systems. References. Chapter 4. Emulsion Polymerization Kinetics. 1 Emulsion Polymerization Kinetics. 1.1 Smith-Ewart Theory. 1.2 Pioneering Kinetic Models for Predicting Average Number of Free Radicals per Particle. 2 Absorption of Free Radicals by Latex Particles. 2.1 Collision- and Diffusion-Controlled Models. 2.2 Propagation-Controlled Model. 2.3 Some Controversial Issues. 3 Desorption of Free Radicals out of Latex Particles.3.1 Desorption of Free Radicals in Emulsion Homopolymerization Systems . 3.2 Desorption of Free Radicals in Emulsion Copolymerization Systems. 3.3 Effect of Interfacial Properties on Desorption of Free Radicals. 4 Growth of Latex Particles. 4.1 Thermodynamic Consideration. 4.2 Concentrations of Comonomers in Emulsion Copolymerization Systems. 4.3 Competitive Growth of Latex Particles. 5Polymer Molecular Weight. References. Chapter 5. Miniemulsion Polymerization.1 Polymerization in Monomer Droplets. 2 Stability of Monomer Emulsions. 2.1 Ostwald Ripening Effect. 2.2 Role of Costabilizer in Stabilizing Monomer Emulsions. 3 Type of Costabilizers in Miniemulsion Polymerization. 4 Miniemulsion Polymerization Mechanisms and Kinetics. 4.1 Initial Conditions for Miniemulsion Polymerization Systems. 4.2 Particle Nucleation Mechanisms. 4.3 Effect of Functional Monomers and Initiators on Particle Nucleation. 4.4 Polymerization Kinetics. 5 Versatility of Miniemulsion Polymerization. 5.1 Catalytic Chain Transfer Reaction. 5.2 Living Free Radical Polymerization. 5.3 Step Polymerization. References. Chapter 6. Microemulsion Polymerization. 1 Introduction. 2 Formation and Microstructure of Microemulsions. 2.1 Formation of Microemulsions. 2.2 Factors That Govern Microemulsion Structures. 3 O/W Microemulsion Polymerization. 3.1 General Features. 3.2 Polymerization Mechanisms and Kinetics. 4 W/O Microemulsion Polymerization. 5 Polymerization in Continuous or Bicontinuous Phases of Microemulsions. References. Chapter 7. Semibatch and Continuous Emulsion Polymerizations. 1 Semibatch Emulsion Polymerization. 1.1 Pseudo-Steady State Polymerization Behavior. 1.2 Polymerization Mechanisms and Kinetics. 1.3 Mathematical Modeling Studies. 2 Continuous Emulsion Polymerization. 2.1 General Features of Continuous Emulsion Polymerization Processes. 2.2 Particle Nucleation and Growth Mechanisms. 3 Development of Commercial Continuous Emulsion Polymerization Processes. References. Chapter 8. Emulsion Polymerizations in Nonuniform Latex Particles. 1 Origin of Nonuniform Latex Particles. 2 Seeded Emulsion Polymerizations. 3 Factors Affecting Particle Morphology. 3.1 Effect of Initiators. 3.2 Effect of Monomer Addition Methods. 3.3 Effect of polymer molecular weight. 3.4 Effect of Volume Fractions of Polymer Pairs. 3.5 Effect of Polymerization Temperature. 4 Morphology Development in Latex Particles. 4.1 Thermodynamic Considerations. 4.2 Nonequilibrium Morphology Development. 4.3 Techniques for Characterization of Particle Morphology. 5 Polymerization Kinetics in Nonuniform Latex Particles. 5.1 Pioneering Studies. 5.2 Effect of Distribution of Free Radicals in Nonuniform Latex Particles. References. Chapter 9. Applications of Emulsion Polymers. 1 Physical Properties of Emulsion Polymers. 1.1Effect of Polymer Molecular Weight. 1.2 Effect of Polymer Morphology. 1.3 Effect of Crosslinking Reactions. 2 Rheological Properties of Emulsion Polymers. 3 Film Formation of Emulsion Polymers . 4 Foaming and Antifoaming Agents. 5 Wetting. 6 Surface Modifications . 7 Stability of Latex Products. References.
- ISBN: 978-0-470-12431-4
- Editorial: John Wiley & Sons
- Encuadernacion: Cartoné
- Páginas: 272
- Fecha Publicación: 15/08/2008
- Nº Volúmenes: 1
- Idioma: Inglés