Environmental Pest Management: Challenges for Agronomists, Ecologists, Economists and Policymakers

A wide–ranging, interdisciplinary exploration of key topics that interrelate pest management, public health and the environment This book takes a unique, multidimensional approach to addressing the complex issues surrounding pest management activities and their impacts on the environment and human health, and environmental effects on plant protection practices. It features contributions by a distinguished group of authors from ten countries, representing an array of disciplines. They include plant protection scientists and officers, economists, agronomists, ecologists, environmental and public health scientists and government policymakers. Over the course of eighteen chapters, those experts share their insights into and analyses of an array of issues of vital concern to everyone with a professional interest in this important subject. The adverse effects of pest control have become a subject of great concern worldwide, and researchers and enlightened policymakers have at last begun to appreciate the impact of environmental factors on our ability to manage pest populations. Moreover, while issues such as pesticide toxicity have dominated the global conversation about pest management, economic and societal considerations have been largely neglected. Environmental Pest Management: Challenges for Agronomists, Ecologists, Economists and Policymakers is the first work to provide in–depth coverage of all of these pressing issues between the covers of one book. Offers a unique multi–dimensional perspective on the complex issues surrounding pest management activities and their effect on the environment and human health Addresses growing concerns about specific pest management strategies, including the use of transgenic crops and biological controls Analyses the influence of global processes, such as climate change, biological invasions and shifts in consumer demand, and ecosystem services and disservices on pest suppression efforts Explores public health concerns regarding biodiversity, pesticide use and food safety Identifies key economic drivers of pest suppression research, strategies and technologies Proposes new regulatory approaches to create sustainable and viable crop protection systems in the framework of agro–environmental schemes Offering a timely and comprehensively–unique treatment of pest management and its environmental impacts in a single, inter–disciplinary volume, this book is a valuable resource for scientists in an array of disciplines, as well as government officials and policymakers. Also, teachers of undergraduate and graduate level courses in a variety of fields are sure to find it a highly useful teaching resource.  INDICE: List of Contributors xi .Preface xvMoshe Coll and Eric Wajnberg .1 Environmental Pest Management: A Call to Shift from a Pest ]Centric to a System ]Centric Approach 1Moshe Coll and Eric Wajnberg .1.1 Introduction 1 .1.2 Modern Developments in Pest Control 1 .1.3 The Disillusionment with Integrated Pest Management 3 .1.4 A Call for Environmental Pest Management 11 .Acknowledgements 13 .References 13 .Part I General Background 19 .2 Approaches in Plant Protection: Science, Technology, Environment and Society 21Deborah K. Letourneau, Margaret I. FitzSimmons and Diego J. Nieto .2.1 Introduction 21 .2.2 History of Plant Protection Approaches 22 .2.3 Integrated Pest Management: What Does it Take? 31 .2.4 Transforming Agriculture Systems for IPM 41 .Acknowledgments 43 .References 43 .3 The Economics of Alternative Pest Management Strategies: Basic Assessment 55Clement A. Tisdell, David Adamson and Bruce Auld .3.1 Introduction 55 .3.2 Economic Decisions at Farm Level Based on Threshold Models Assuming Use of a Given Pest Control Technique and Certainty 56 .3.3 Uncertainties and Economic Decisions at Farm Level About Pest Control: Assumes a Given Pest Control Technique and Applies the Threshold Approach 60 .3.4 Choice of Alternative Pest Control Techniques at Farm Level Assuming Certainty 64 .3.5 The Economics of the Timing of Pest Control and the Optimal Choice of Techniques Given Uncertainty 66 .3.6 A Note on Biological Pest Control 70 .3.7 Discussion of the Modelling of the Economics of Pest Management at the Farm Level 71 .3.8 Concluding .Comments 73 .References 73 .Part II Impact of Pest Management Practices on the Environment 77 .4 Effects of Chemical Control on the Environment 79Francisco Sanchez ]Bayo .4.1 Introduction 79 .4.2 Pesticides in Agriculture 79 .4.3 Impacts of Pesticides on the Environment 83 .4.4 Concluding .Remarks 94 .References 95 .5 Environmental Impacts of Arthropod Biological Control: An Ecological Perspective 105David E. Jennings, Jian J. Duan and Peter A. Follett .5.1 Introduction 105 .5.2 The Invasion Process of Establishing Non ]native Biocontrol Agents 106 .5.3 Ecological Processes Underlying the EnvironmentalImpact of Biocontrol 107 .5.4 Ecological Impact Assessment and Cost benefit Analysis 111 .5.5 Case Study I: Biocontrol of Emerald Ash Borer (Agrilus planipennis) 112 .5.6 Case Study II: Biocontrol of Tamarisk (Tamarix spp.) 115 .5.7 Concluding .Remarks 119 .Acknowledgements 120 .References 120 .6 Effects of Transgenic Crops on the Environment 131Peter B. Woodbury, Antonio DiTommaso, Janice Thies, Matthew Ryan and John Losey .6.1 Range and Scope of Transgenic Crops 131 .6.2 Conceptual Framework 132 .6.3 Primary Effects 132 .6.4 Secondary Effects 134 .6.5 Tertiary Effects: Broader Spatial and Temporal Scales 137 .6.6 Quantifying Risks and Benefits of Transgenic Traits 140 .6.7 Variation Among Countries in Risk Assessment and Management 143 .6.8 Conclusions 143 .References 144 .Part III Influence of Unmanaged Habitats on Pest Management 151 .7 Ecosystem Services Provided by Unmanaged Habitats in Agricultural Landscapes 153Stefano Colazza, Morgan W. Shields, Ezio Peri and Antonino Cusumano .7.1 Introduction 153 .7.2 Global Importance of Arthropod Natural Enemies in Pest Management 155 .7.3 Importance of Multitrophic Interactions to Biological Pest Control 156 .7.4 Importance of Unmanaged Vegetation for Biological Control 158 .7.5 Landscape Use to Maximize Biological Control 163 .7.6 Conclusions 164 .References 165 .8 The Role of Ecosystem Disservices in Pest Management 175Mark A.K. Gillespie and Steve D. Wratten .8.1 Introduction 175 .8.2 EDS and Unmanaged Habitats 178 .8.3 Landscape Context and the EDS from Unmanaged Habitats 186 .8.4 Managing for EDS from Unmanaged Habitats 188 .8.5 Conclusions and Future Research 189 .References 190 .Part IV Effects of Global Changes on Pest Management 195 .9 Effect of Climate Change on Insect Pest Management 197Nigel R. Andrew and Sarah J. Hill .9.1 Introduction 197 .9.2 Observed Climate Changes Influencing Agro ]Ecosystems 198 .9.3 Insect Responses to Climate Change 198 .9.4 Overview of Insect Pests in Agro ]Ecosystems and Climate Change 202 .9.5 How Climate Change and Insect Responses May Affect Various Ecological Processes Important for Plant Protection 207 .9.6 Climate Change and IPM Approaches 210 .9.7 Directions for Future Research 214 .Acknowledgements 214 .References 215 .10 Effects of Biological Invasions on Pest Management 225George K. Roderick and Maria Navajas .10.1 Invasion Science 225 .10.2 Invasions A Natural Process? 233 .10.3 Perception and Value of Introduced and Invasive Alien Species 234 .10.4 When to Act, and Why? 235 .10.5 How Best to Control Invasive Species? 235 .10.6 Case Studies 236 .10.7 Conclusions 238 .Acknowledgements 240 .References 240 .Part V Pest Control and Public Health 249 .11 Pesticides and Human Health 251Jane A. Hoppin and Catherine E. LePrevost .11.1 Introduction 251 .11.2 Human Exposure to Pesticides 251 .11.3 Acute Toxicity 254 .11.4 Chronic Human Health Effects 257 .11.5 Conclusions 265 .References 266 .12 Human Health Concerns Related to the Consumption of Foods from Genetically Modified Crops 275Javier Magana ]Gómez and Ana Maria Calderón de la Barca .12.1 History of GM Foods and Associated Food Safety Concerns 275 .12.2 Status and Commercial Traits Regarding Genetically Modified Organisms 277 .12.3 The Bases for Unintended Health Risks 281 .12.4 Guidelines and Approaches Used for Risk Assessment of GM Foods 282 .12.5 Recent Research on in vivo Evaluation of GM Foods Consumption 283 .12.6 Shortcomings and Research Needs in the Risk Assessment of Genetically Modified Foods 286 .12.7 Conclusion 290 .References 290 .Part VI Policies Related to Environmental Pest Management 297 .13 Effectiveness of Pesticide Policies: Experiences from Danish Pesticide Regulation 1986 2015 299Anders Branth Pedersen and Helle Ørsted Nielsen .13.1 Introduction 299 .13.2 Denmark a Pioneer in Pesticide Policies 300 .13.3 Effects 306 .13.4 Comparing Denmark to the EU and Internationally 315 .13.5 Conclusion 319 .References 319 .14 Impacts of Exotic Biological Control Agents on Non ]target Species and Biodiversity: Evidence, Policy and Implications 325Barbara I.P. Barratt and Clark A.C. Ehlers .14.1 Environmental Safety of Biological Control 325 .14.2 Legislation and Regulation of Biological Control 327 .14.3 Risk Assessment 329 .14.4 Post release Validation of Predicted Outcomes 337 .14.5 Implications of Biological Control Regulation Policy: What has it Meant for Biological Control Practice? 339 .14.6 The Future for Biological Control Regulation 340 .Acknowledgements 341 .References 341 .15 Pesticides in Food Safety versus Food Security 347Pieter Spanoghe .15.1 Introduction 347 .15.2 Use of Plant Protection Products in Farming Systems 348 .15.3 Food Security in a Changing World 353 .15.4 Food Safety and Pesticides in a Global Market 356 .15.5 Towards Sustainability 362 .15.6 Conclusion 364 .References 364 .16 External Costs of Food Production: Environmental and Human Health Costs of Pest Management 369Nir Becker .16.1 Introduction: Pesticide Externalities 369 .16.2 Background: The Impact of Pesticide Use 370 .16.3 The Challenge in Estimating Externalities from Pesticide Use 373 .16.4 Externality Estimation Methods 375 .16.5 Overview of Existing Studies on Externalities of Pesticides 376 .16.6 Integrated Pest Management 378 .16.7 The Role of Information 379 .16.8 Conclusion 380 .References 381 .17 The Role of Pest Management in Driving Agri ]environment Schemes in Switzerland 385Felix Herzog, Katja Jacot, Matthias Tschumi and Thomas Walter .17.1 Introduction 385 .17.2 Policy Context of the Swiss Agricultural Sector 386 .17.3 Ecological Focus Areas for Biodiversity Protection 388 .17.4 Ecosystem Service Provision as a New Paradigm 394 .17.5 Conclusion 398 .References 399 .Part VII Concluding Remarks, Take–Home Messages and a Call for Action 405 .18 Environmental Pest Management: The Need for Long ]term Governmental Commitment 407Moshe Coll and Eric Wajnberg .18.1 The Prevalence of a Pest ]centric, Bottom ]up Approach to Pest Control 407 .18.2 The Main Messages Presented in this Volume 408 .18.3 The Role of Governments in Pest Management 412 .18.4 Characteristics of Top ]down, Environmental Pest Management 414 .Acknowledgements 416 .References 416 .Index 419

• ISBN: 978-1-119-25555-0
• Editorial: Wiley–Blackwell
• Encuadernacion: Cartoné
• Páginas: 448
• Fecha Publicación: 06/10/2017
• Nº Volúmenes: 1
• Idioma: Inglés