Quantum Metrology: Foundation of Units and Measurements

The International System of Units (SI) is the world?s most widely used system of measurement, used every day in commerce and science, and is the modern form of the metric system. It currently comprises the meter (m), the kilogram (kg), the second (s), the ampere (A), the kelvin (K), the candela (cd) and the mole (mol)). The system is changing though, units and unit definitions are modified through international agreements as the technology of measurement progresses, and as the precision of measurements improves. The SI is now being redefined based on constants of nature and their realization by quantum standards. Therefore, the underlying physics and technologies will receive increasing interest, and not only in the metrology community but in all fields of science. This book introduces and explains the applications of modern physics concepts to metrology, the science and the applications of measurements. A special focus is made on the use of quantum standards for the realization of the forthcoming new SI (the international system of units). The basic physical phenomena are introduced on a level which provides comprehensive information for the experienced reader but also provides a guide for a more intense study of these phenomena for students. INDICE: Foreword. Preface. List of Abbreviations. . INTRODUCTION. . BASICS. Measurement. The SI (Systeme International d?Unités). . LASER COOLING, ATOMIC CLOCKS, AND THE SECOND. Techniques for Laser Cooling. The Cs–Fountain Clock. Optical Clocks. . SUPERCONDUCTIVITY, JOSEPHSON EFFECT, AND FLUX QUANTA. Josephson Effect and Quantum Voltage Standards. Flux Quanta and Superconducting Quantum Interference Devices. . QUANTUM HALL EFFECT. Basic Physics of Three– and Two Dimensional Semiconductors. Two–Dimensional Electron Systems in Real Semiconductors. The Hall Effect. Quantum Hall Resistance Standards. . SINGLE–CHARGE TRANSFER DEVICES AND THE NEW AMPERE. Basic Physics of Single–Electron Transport. Quantized Current Sources. Consistency Tests: Quantum Metrology Triangle. . PLANCK CONSTANT, THE NEW KILOGRAM, AND THE MOLE. The Avogadro Experiment. The Watt Balance Experiment. The Mole, Unit of Amount of Susbstance. . BOLTZMAN CONSTANT AND THE NEW KELVIN. Primary Thermometers. Realization and Disseminiation of the New Kelvin. . SINGLE–PHOTON METROLOGY AND QUANTUM RADIOMETRY. Single–Photon Sources. Single–Photon Detectors. Metrological Challenge. . OUTLOOK

• ISBN: 978-3-527-41265-5
• Editorial: Wiley VCH
• Encuadernacion: Cartoné
• Páginas: 232
• Fecha Publicación: 12/08/2015
• Nº Volúmenes: 1
• Idioma: Inglés