Etiology–Based Dental and Craniofacial Diagnostics explores the role of embryology and fetal pathology in the assessment, diagnosis, and subsequent treatment planning of a wide range of disorders in the dentition and craniofacial region. Initial chapters cover various aspects of normal dental and craniofacial development, providing the necessary biological background for understanding abnormal patient cases. Chapters then focus on the etiology behind a wide range of cases observed in everyday practice including deviations in tooth morphology and number, tooth eruption, root and crown resorption, and craniofacial malformations, disruptions and dysplasia. Unique new work from a leading authority in orthodontics, craniofacial embryology and fetal pathology Demonstrates how human prenatal development offers unique insights into postnatal diagnosis and treatment Clinical significance and implications are highlighted in summaries at the end of each chapter Ideal for postgraduate students in orthodontics, paediatric dentistry and oral medicine INDICE: Preface, ix .Introduction, xi .Limited access to human material, xi .Content and structure of the book, xi .Acknowledgments, xii .1 Craniofacial development and the body axis: normal and pathological aspects from early prenatal to postnatal life, 1 .Body axis pre– and postnatally, 1 .Germ disk and notochord, 1 .Formation of the vertebral column, 1 .Cervical spine pre– and postnatally, 1 .The interrelationship between the body axis and the cranium, 2 .Craniofacial development pre– and postnatally, 4 .Cranial base (excluding the sella turcica), 4 .Sella turcica, 7 .Maxilla, 8 .Mandible, 12 .Theca cranii, 15 .Vomeral bone, 16 .Nasal bones, 17 .Temporal bone, 18 .Craniofacial morphology and growth, 19 .Highlights and clinical relevance, 19 .Further reading, 19 .2 Craniofacial development and the brain: normal and pathological aspects from early prenatal to postnatal life, 21 .Central nervous system in relation to neurocranial development pre– and postnatally, 21 .Brain, 21 .Spinal cord, 24 .Trigeminal ganglia, 26 .Vomeronasal organs, 26 .Pituitary gland and sella turcica, 28 .Peripheral nervous system pre– and postnatally, 32 .Jaw innervation and bone formation, 32 .Highlights and clinical relevance, 34 .Further reading, 35 .3 Developmental fields in the cranium and alveolar process, 37 .Definition of developmental field, 37 .Developmental fields in the cranium, 37 .The midaxial cranium, 37 .The paraaxial cranium, 37 .Frontonasal field, 37 .Maxillary field and palatine field, 38 .Mandibular field, 40 .Theca field, 41 .Occipital field, 41 .How can craniofacial fields be proven?, 42 .Frontonasal field, 42 .Maxillary and palatine field, 42 .Mandibular field, 43 .Theca field, 43 .Occipital field, 43 .Developmental fields in the alveolar process, 44 .The upper jaw and the dentition, 44 .The lower jaw and the dentition, 44 .Highlights and clinical relevance, 45 .Further reading, 45 .4 Tooth development and tooth maturation from early prenatal to postnatal life, 46 .Histological evaluation of early tooth development, 46 .Tissues involved in dental bud formation, 46 .Inner enamel epithelium and hard tissue formation, 46 .Outer enamel epithelium and crown follicle, 46 .Root membrane and root development, 48 .Sequences in prenatal tooth formation, 49 .Radiographic evaluation of normal dental maturation, 49 .Radiographic appearance of prenatal crowns before GA 22 weeks, 50 .Radiographic appearance of postnatal dental maturation, 50 .Clinical evaluation of dental maturity, 52 .Bilateral agreement in tooth maturation, 52 .Tooth formation from the initial stages to the eruption stages: relation to fields, gender, age, and skeletal maturity, 52 .Similarities and differences in primary and permanent dental development, 53 .Highlights and clinical relevance, 53 .Further reading, 55 .5 Periodontal membrane and peri–root sheet, 56 .Periodontal membrane, 56 .Peri–root sheet, 56 .Definition, 56 .Composition and function, 56 .The peri–root sheet in the primary and permanent dentition, 56 .Highlights and clinical relevance, 58 .Further reading, 60 .6 Normal tooth eruption and alveolar bone formation, 61 .Tooth eruption mechanism and alveolar bone formation, 61 .Preemergence phase, 61 .Tooth eruption and jaw growth, 66 .Jaw size and space, 66 .Eruption sequences in the primary and permanent dentition, 68 .Bilaterality, 70 .Early and late eruption, 70 .Highlights and clinical relevance, 71 .Further reading, 72 .7 Etiology–based diagnostics: methods and classification of abnormal development, 73 .Why use etiology–based diagnostics?, 73 .Definitions of key words, 73 .Etiology, 73 .Other key words, 76 .Analyzing the dentition, oral cavity, and cranium: practical guide, 77 .Anamnestic record, 77 .Diagrams for diagnostics, 80 .Highlights and clinical relevance, 80 .Further reading, 80 .8 Deviation in tooth morphology and color: normal and pathological variations including syndromes, 81 .Primary dentition: crown, root, and pulp, 81 .Malformation of incisors, canines, and molars, 81 .Disruption in the primary dentition, 81 .Dysplasia in the primary dentition, 87 .Permanent dentition: crown, root, and pulp, 88 .Malformation of incisors, canines, premolars, and molars, 88 .Disruption in the permanent dentition, 98 .Dysplasia in the permanent dentition, 106 .Abnormal dental development: fields and bilateralism, 107 .How to analyze the etiology behind deviation in tooth morphology: is it malformation, disruption or dysplasia?, 109 .Highlights and clinical relevance, 109 .Further reading, 110 .9 Deviations in tooth number: normal and pathological variations including syndromes, 111 .Agenesis: possible etiologies, 111 .Agenesis of the primary and permanent dentition: hypodontia, 111 .Primary dentition agenesis, 111 .Permanent dentition agenesis, 112 .Syndromes, disruption, dysplasia, and hypodontia, 114 .Supernumerary teeth: possible etiologies, 118 .Supernumerary teeth in the primary and permanent dentition: hyperdontia, 118 .Primary dentition supernumeraries, 118 .Permanent dentition supernumeraries, 118 .Syndromes, dysplasia, and supernumerary teeth, 120 .How to analyze the etiology behind deviation in tooth number, 120 .Highlights and clinical relevance, 123 .Further reading, 124 .10 Tooth eruption and alveolar bone formation: abnormal patterns including syndromes, 125 .Pathological eruption of primary teeth, 125 .Abnormal times for eruption, 125 .Total failure to erupt, 125 .Arrested eruption of single teeth, 125 .Pathological eruption of permanent teeth, 125 .Abnormal times for eruption, 125 .Ectopic eruption of maxillary canines, 126 .Ectopic eruption of mandibular canines, 127 .Transposition, 129 .Ectopic eruption of molars, premolars, and other teeth, 129 .Arrested eruption after trauma, 129 .Arrested eruption due to lack of space, 131 .Arrested eruption due to obstacles in the eruption pathway, 131 .Primary retention of molars, premolars, and incisors, 132 .Secondary retention of molars, premolars, and incisors, 134 .Primary failure of tooth eruption, 136 .Retention of teeth due to virus attack, 136 .Retention due to nonshedding of primary teeth, 137 .Abnormal eruption in syndromes and dysplasia, 137 .Amelogenesis imperfecta, 137 .Ectodermal dysplasia, 139 .Linear scleroderma en coup de sabre, 139 .Segmental odontomaxillary/mandibular dysplasia, 139 .Eruption and heredity, 139 .Eruption problems in both dentitions, 142 .Localized abnormal alveolar bone formation, 143 .Juvenile periodontitis: theory and heredity, 143 .Hypophosphatasia and Papillon Lefèvre, 143 .Why analyze the etiology behind abnormal eruption?, 145 .Highlights and clinical relevance, 147 .Further reading, 147 .11 Root and crown resorption: normal and abnormal pattern including syndromes, 149 .Tooth resorption theory, 149 .Ectodermal tissue, 149 .Mesodermal or ectomesenchymal tissue, 150 .Neuroectodermal tissue, 150 .Resorption in the primary dentition, 151 .Pattern of resorption, 151 .Shedding times, 152 .Resorption in the permanent dentition, 156 .When does resorption occur in normally developed individuals?, 156 .Dentitions especially susceptible to root resorption, 156 .Root resorption and heredity: short roots or resorbed roots?, 158 .Root resorption in syndromes, dysplasia, and disruptions, 160 .Prevention of root resorption in the permanent dentition, 160 .Other examples of resorption, 162 .Postemergence resorption, 162 .Collum resorption, 162 .Aggressive resorption, 162 .Preemergence resorption, 162 .Crown resorption before emergence, 162 .Conclusion, 163 .How to analyze the etiology behind abnormal root resorption in the permanent dentition, 164 .Highlights and clinical relevance, 166 .Further reading, 166 .12 Apparently normal nonsyndromic dentitions are phenotypically different: the interrelationship between deviations in the dentition and craniofacial profile, 168 .Introduction, 168 .Heredity and the dentition, 168 .Agenesis and supernumerarity, 168 .Morphology, 168 .Eruption, 168 .Resorption, 168 .Dentitions with agenesis of single teeth, 168 .Dentitions with multiple tooth agenesis, 170 .Dentitions with macrodontic maxillary central incisors, 171 .Dentitions with supernumerary teeth, 171 .Dentitions with ectopic canines, 172 .Buccal ectopia, 172 .Palatal ectopia, 172 .Dentitions with transpositions, 173 .Dentitions with arrested eruption of primary molars, 174 .Dentitions suitable for tooth transplantation, 174 .Dentitions with arrested eruption of permanent teeth, 174 .Primary retention, 174 .Secondary retention, 175 .Primary failure of tooth eruption, 175 .Dentitions with persistence of a primary molar in adulthood, 176 .Dentitions with idiopathic collum resorption, 176 .Highlights and clinical relevance, 176 .Further reading, 176 .13 Craniofacial syndromes and malformations: prenatal and postnatal observations, 177 .Holoprosencephaly/solitary median maxillary central incisor (SMMCI) syndrome, 177 .Prenatal, 177 .Postnatal, 177 .Cerebellar hypoplasia/cri–du–chat syndrome, 180 .Prenatal, 180 .Postnatal, 182 .Myelomeningoceles/spina bifida and hydrocephalus, 185 .Prenatal, 185 .Postnatal, 185 .Down s syndrome (trisomy 21), 186 .Prenatal, 186 .Postnatal, 187 .Turner s syndrome, 187 .Prenatal, 187 .Postnatal, 187 .Fragile X syndrome, 187 .Prenatal, 187 .Postnatal, 188 .Crouzon s syndrome, 188 .Prenatal, 188 .Postnatal, 189 .DiGeorge s/velocardiofacial syndrome, 189 .Prenatal, 189 .Postnatal, 189 .Cleft lip and palate, 190 .Cleft lip: pre– and postnatal findings, 190 .Isolated cleft palate: pre– and postnatal findings, 190 .Combined cleft lip and palate: pre– and postnatal findings, 192 .Cleft lip and palate etiologies, 193 .Comparison between pre– and postnatal findings: results and restrictions, 194 .Results, 194 .Restrictions, 194 .Malformations: nonsyndromic examples, 194 .Highlights and clinical relevance, 199 .Further reading, 200 .14 Craniofacial disruptions: prenatal and postnatal observations, 202 .Prenatal disruptions, 202 .Amniotic band: sequence, 202 .Virus infection and maternal alcohol intake, 202 .Postnatal disruptions, 202 .Premature birth, 202 .Trauma, 202 .Virus and bacterial attack, 202 .Brain tumors and radiation/chemotherapy, 203 .Acromegaly, 203 .Highlights and clinical relevance, 204 .Further reading, 206 .15 Craniofacial dysplasia: prenatal and postnatal observations, 207 .Endochondral and intramembranous bone dysplasia in the cranium, 207 .Chondrodystrophy, 207 .Osteogenesis imperfecta, 207 .Osteosclerosis, 207 .Hypophosphatemic rickets, 211 .Dysostosis cleidocranialis, 211 .Dysplasia in nonosseous tissue, 211 .Ectodermal dysplasia, 211 .Localized scleroderma en coup de sabre, 211 .Amelogenesis imperfecta, 212 .Dentinogenesis imperfecta and dentin dysplasia, 212 .Suture dysplasia, 214 .Highlights and clinical relevance, 214 .Further reading, 216 .16 Hard tissue as a diagnostic tool in medicine, 217 .Introduction, 217 .Perspectives for prenatal craniofacial pathology, 217 .Perspectives for perinatal and pediatric pathology, 218 .Perspectives for clinical and basic research, 219 .The prenatal cranium as a predictor for postnatal development, 219 .The dentition as a diagnostic tool in medicine, 220 .Association between dental and craniofacial development, 220 .Perspectives for anthropology, 221 .Conclusion, 222 .Further reading, 223 .17 Clinical cases and unanswered questions, 224 .Clinical cases, 224 .Conditions in diagnostics, treatment planning, and outcome, 224 .Optimal treatment situation, 224 .Observation of the condition, 224 .Nonoptimal treatment situations, 224 .Examples of diagnostics and treatment of eruption problems, 225 .Problems in permanent molar eruption: later diagnosed as primary retention, 225 .Problems in permanent molar eruption: later diagnosed as secondary retention, 225 .Problems in permanent molar eruption: later diagnosed as primary failure of eruption, 225 .Problems in premolar eruption, 226 .Eruption problems can be a sign of susceptibility to root resorption, 230 .Eruption problems caused by supernumerary teeth, 230 .Unanswered questions, 230 . What is this? , 230 . Can medication influence tooth formation? , 232 .Further reading, 233 .Index, 235
- ISBN: 978-1-118-91212-6
- Editorial: Wiley–Blackwell
- Encuadernacion: Cartoné
- Páginas: 256
- Fecha Publicación: 14/10/2016
- Nº Volúmenes: 1
- Idioma: Inglés
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