Structural Materials and Processes in Transportation

This handbook and ready reference covers the use of structural materials in the transport industry, particularly for rail, road and air transport, with a strong focus on the latest advanced engineering materials. The researchers present new insights, providing first–hand information from aerospace centers, Fraunhofer institutes, car manufacturers and fiber institutes. The clear presentation of properties and manufacturing processes in each material class such as metals, composites and polymers allows readers to quickly find solutions for their own engineering needs and to develop synergies between different fields of application. Additional chapters provide researchers and developers with insights on lightweight engineering and environment–friendly manufacturing. INDICE: Preface xxi List of Contributors xxv Part I Metals 1 Axel von Hehl References 4 1 Steel and Iron Based Alloys 5 Ali Ramazani, Banu Berme, and Ulrich Prahl 1.1 Introduction 5 1.2 Sheet Steels 7 1.3 Forging Steels 34 1.4 Casting Steel 39 2 Aluminum and Aluminum Alloys 49 Axel von Hehl and Peter Krug 2.1 Introduction 49 2.2 Wrought Alloys and Associated Processes 52 2.3 Casting Alloys and Associated Processes 71 2.4 Secondary Processes 84 2.5 Case Studies 88 2.6 Summary and Outlook 98 2.7 Further Reading 99 3 Magnesium and Magnesium Alloys 113 Wim H. Sillekens and Norbert Hort 3.1 Introduction 113 3.2 Wrought Alloys and Associated Processes 118 3.4 Other Aspects 138 3.5 Case Studies 142 3.6 Summary and Outlook 145 3.7 Further Reading 147 4 Titanium and Titanium Alloys 151 Lothar Wagner and Manfred Wollmann 4.1 Introduction 151 4.2 Fundamental Aspects 152 4.3 Applications in Automobiles, Aerospace, and ShipBuilding 165 4.4 Future Trends 177 4.5 Further Reading 179 Part II Polymers 181 James Njuguna 5 Thermoplastics 183 Aravind Dasari 5.1 Introduction 183 5.2 Fundamentals and Recent Advancements in Thermoplastics 184 5.3 Processing and Evolution of Structure–Basics and Recent Developments 188 5.4 Properties 197 5.5 Summary 200 6 Thermosets 205 Sergio Henrique Pezzin, Luiz Antonio Ferreira Coelho, Sandro Campos Amico, and Luiz Claudio Pardini 6.1 Introduction 205 6.2 Advanced Thermosets and Associated Processes 212 6.3 Thermosets for Coatings and Adhesives 219 6.4 Case Studies–Thermoset Composites 221 6.5 Summary and Outlook 230 7 Elastomers 237 Krzysztof Pielichowski and James Njuguna 7.1 Introduction 237 7.2 Classification of Elastomers 237 7.3 Natural Rubber 238 7.4 Synthetic Rubbers 240 7.5 Thermoplastic Elastomers 243 7.6 Fluorine–Containing TPEs 245 7.7 Bio–Based TPEs 246 7.8 Conclusions 248 Part III Composites 253 8 Polymer Matrix Composites 257 Axel S. Herrmann, Andre Stieglitz, Christian Brauner, Christian Peters, and Patrick Schiebel 8.1 Introduction 257 8.2 Further Reading 298 9 Metal Matrix Composites 303 Maider Garcia de Cortazar, Pedro Egizabal, Jorge Barcena, and Yann Le Petitcorps 9.1 Introduction 303 9.2 Relevant MMC Systems 312 9.3 Case Studies 319 9.4 Summary and Outlook 335 9.5 Further Reading 335 10 Polymer Nanocomposites 339 James Njuguna and Krzysztof Pielichowski 10.1 Introduction 339 10.2 Fiber–Reinforced Nanocomposites 341 10.3 Sandwich Structures 355 10.4 High–Temperature Fiber–Reinforced Nanocomposites 358 10.5 Age and Durability Performance 362 10.6 Concluding Remarks 365 Part IV Cellular Materials 371 Eusebio Solorzano and Miguel A. Rodriguez–Perez 11 Polymeric Foams 375 Eusebio Solorzano and Miguel A. Rodriguez–Perez 11.1 Introduction 375 11.2 Blowing Agents for Polymer Foams 375 11.3 Thermoplastic Foams: Conventional Processing Technologies 378 11.4 Thermoplastic Foams: New Trends, Materials and Technologies 384 11.5 Thermosets Foams: Conventional Processing Technologies 390 11.6 Thermosets Foams: New Trends, Materials and Technologies 394 11.7 Nanocomposite Foams 397 11.8 Case Studies 400 11.9 Summary and Outlook 407 11.10 Further Reading 409 12 Metal Foams 415 Joachim Baumeister and Jorg Weise 12.1 Introduction 415 12.2 Foams Produced by Means of Melt Technologies 419 12.3 Foams Produced by Means of Powder Metallurgy (P/M) 423 12.4 Porous Structures for Structural Applications Produced from Wires and Other Half–Finished Parts 429 12.5 Case Studies 431 12.6 Summary and Outlook 437 12.7 Further Reading 441 Part V Modeling and Simulation 445 Kambiz Kayvantash 13 Advanced Simulation and Optimization Techniques for Composites 447 Jorg Hohe 13.1 Introduction 447 13.2 Multiphysics Homogenization Analysis 448 13.3 Probabilistic Homogenization Approaches 453 13.4 Optimization 458 13.5 Summary and Conclusions 459 14 An Artificial–Intelligence–Based Approach for Generalized Material Modeling 463 Kambiz Kayvantash 14.1 Introduction 463 14.2 Strain Measures 464 14.3 Stress Measures 467 14.4 Example 478 15 Ab Initio Guided Design of Materials 481 Martin Friak, Dierk Raabe, and Jorg Neugebauer 15.1 Introduction 481 15.2 Top–Down and Bottom–Up Multiscale Modeling Strategies 481 15.3 Ab Initio Based Multiscale Modeling of Materials 484 15.4 Modeling of Ultralightweight Mg–Li Alloys 486 15.5 Ternary bcc MgLi–X Alloys 489 15.6 Summary and Outlook 491 15.7 Further Reading 492 Part VI Higher Level Trends 497 Dirk Lehmhus 16 Hybrid Design Approaches 499 Daniele Bassan 16.1 Introduction 499 16.2 Motivation 499 16.3 From Monomaterial to Hybrid Multi–Material Design Approach in the Automotive Sector 502 16.4 ULSAB AVC Project/FSV Future Steel Vehicle Project 502 16.5 S–in Motion – Steel BiW Project 503 16.6 Multi–Material Hybrid Design Approach 504 16.7 Optimum Multi–Material Solutions: The Reason for Hybrid Design Approach 504 16.8 SuperLIGHT–Car Project 505 16.9 Hybrid Solutions: Overview of Current Automotive Production 506 16.10 Trends in Automotive Materials and Structural Design 512 16.11 Hybrid Solutions in Aircraft, Rail, and Ship Market 513 16.12 General Aspects on Joining Technologies for Multi–Material Mix 514 16.13 Conclusion 515 17 Sensorial Materials 517 Dirk Lehmhus, Stefan Bosse, and Matthias Busse 17.1 Introduction 517 17.2 Components 519 17.3 Case Study 539 17.4 Further Reading 542 18 Additive Manufacturing Approaches 549 Juan F. Isaza P. and Claus Aumund–Kopp 18.1 Introduction 549 18.2 Metal Materials 554 18.3 Nonmetal Materials 558 18.4 Secondary Processes 560 18.5 Case Studies 561 18.6 Summary and Outlook 564 18.7 Further Reading 565  References 566 Index 567

• ISBN: 978-3-527-32787-4
• Editorial: Wiley VCH
• Encuadernacion: Cartoné
• Páginas: 500
• Fecha Publicación: 23/04/2013
• Nº Volúmenes: 1
• Idioma: Inglés