INDICE: Preface xi 1. Introduction 1 1.1 Background 1 1.2 Notation for chemical transport 2 1.3 Simplifications for environmental systems 5 1.4 Review ofMass Balances 11 2. Equilibrium Calculations 18 2.1 Introduction 18 2.2 Thermodynamic state functions 20 2.3 Chemical potentials 21 2.4 Gibbs free energy and equilibrium constants 23 2.5 Distribution of chemical based on fugacites 253. Diffusive Transport 43 3.1 Introduction 43 3.2 Diffusion 43 3.3 Calculation of molecular diffusion coefficients 45 3.4 Effective diffusion coefficients in porous media 53 3.5 Experimental determination of diffusivities and molecular size spectra 59 4. The Constitutive Transport Equation 79 4.1 Introduction 79 4.2 Derivation of the general transport equation 80 4.3 Special forms of the general transport equation 81 4.4 Similarity of mass, momentum, and heat dispersion laws 84 4.5 Transport relative to moving coordinate systems 86 4.6 Simplified forms of the constitutive transport equation 89 4.7 The constitutive transport equation in cylindrical and spherical coordinates 91 5. ConcentrationProfiles and Chemical Fluxes 95 5.1 Introduction 95 5.2 The three theories ofmass transport 95 5.3 Mass transport in radical and cylindrical coordinates using shell balances 112 6. Mass Transport Correlations: >From Theory to Empiricism 120 6.1 Definition of a mass transport coefficient 120 6.2 The three theories 121 6.3 Multiple resistances during interphase mass transport 125 6.4 Correlations for mass transport coefficients 132 6.5 Transport to spheres 135 7. Kinetics and Mass Transfer 140 7.1 Introduction 140 7.2 Fluid shear and turbulence 141 7.3 Mass transport in steady sheared fluids 145 7.4 Mass transport inturbulent sheared fluids 148 7.5 Shear rates in mixed reactors 149 7.6 Chemical transport in bubbled reactors 158 8. Suspended Unattached and Aggregated Microorganisms 167 8.1 Introduction 167 8.2 Chemical transport to cells at rest 167 8.3 Effect of fluid motion on microorganisms 170 8.4 Transport to microbial aggregates 175 8.5 Effectiveness factors for mass transport 184 8.6 Relativeuptake factors for mass transport 187 8.7 Differences between the MEC and MFCsystems 145 9. Biofilms 194 9.1 Introduction 194 9.2 Transport in the fluid layer above a biofilm 194 9.3 Biofilm kinetics 198 9.4 Modeling completely mixed biofilm reactors: rotation biological contactors 210 9.5 Modeling plug flow biofilm reactors: packed beds 213 9.6 Modeling wetted wall biofilm reactors: trickling filters 215 9.7 Electrogenic biofilms 225 10. Disperson 232 10.1 Introduction 232 10.2 Averaging properties to derive dispersion coefficients in turbulent fluids 235 10.3 Dispersion in nonboundeded turbulent sheared fluids 239 10.4 Longitundinal dispersion coefficients for defined systems 244 10.5 Dispersion in porous media 253 11. Rivers, Lakes and Oceans 264 11.1 Introduction 264 11.2 Chemical transport in rivers 265 11.3 Mixing in lakes 273 11.4 Mixingin estuaries 277 11.5 Mixing in the ocean 279
- ISBN: 978-0-470-61959-9
- Editorial: John Wiley & Sons
- Encuadernacion: Cartoné
- Páginas: 524
- Fecha Publicación: 14/02/2012
- Nº Volúmenes: 1
- Idioma: Inglés