The recent emphasis in biomedical research on translational biology and personalized medicine is revolutionizing conceptual and experimental approaches to understanding and improving human health. Translational Biology in Medicine begins with an introduction to experimental model systems for disease, such as cell lines, primary cells, stem cells and animal models for disease, followed by a systematic description of genetic and genomic profiling and biomarker validation currently used in biomedical research. Examples of translation studies that have used these models and methods are presented, including studies in aging, tissue repair and chronic infection, each with an emphasis on how personalized medicine is transforming biomedicine. Bioethical considerations in translational study design and bioethical considerations in biomedical research are then covered, before concluding remarks, and a look towards the future of personalized medicine. Describes cellular and animal model systems used in translational researchDiscusses the use of blood, genetic and genomic biomarkers for diseasePresents translational studies in aging, tissue repair and infectious disease biomedicine INDICE: Dedication List of figures Abbreviations About the author 1: Introduction and overview of chapter contentsAbstract 2: Model systemsAbstract2.1 Introduction2.2 Immortalized cell lines2.3 Primary cells obtained from the host2.4 Animal models2.5 Stem cells: adult and induced pluripotent 3: Blood biomarkers: overview of existing serum test strategies for disease severity, risk for progression, therapeutic benchmark targetsAbstract3.1 Introduction3.2 Early definition of biomarkers3.3 Initial biomarker discovery3.4 Translation into animal models3.5 Translation into small human populations3.6 Application to larger, more generalizable populations3.7 Biomarker measurement considerations 4: Genetic and genomic profilingAbstract4.1 Introduction4.2 Theories of heritability of disease risk and severity4.3 Gene expression signatures4.4 Examples of gene expression signatures 5: Translational models, methods and concepts in studies of aging and longevityAbstract5.1 Introduction5.2 Theories of aging5.3 The here and now: the world is aging5.4 Telomere length/activity in aging5.5 Stem cell aging5.6 Aging and muscle tissue regeneration5.7 Immune aging and immunosenescence5.8 The insulin/IGF1 signaling axis in aging5.9 Branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) and aging5.10 Measurement of lifespan modulators5.11 Factors influencing aging 6: Translational models, methods and concepts in studies of muscle tissue repairAbstract6.1 Introduction6.2 Muscle maintenance and regeneration6.3 The role of satellite cell activity in aging and decline in muscle function6.4 Muscle growth regulatory pathways6.5 Sarcopenia and muscle maintenance6.6 Functional limitations and therapeutic drug design6.7 The TGFb1 axis6.8 Inflammatory stress and muscle6.9 Cachexia and muscle homeostasis6.10 Anabolic effects of testosterone treatment6.11 Use of high-throughput technologies with muscle to promote musculoskeletal growth 7: Translational models, methods and concepts in studies of acute and chronic infectionAbstract7.1 Introduction7.2 From HIV origins to the modern era7.3 HIV infection and aging7.4 HIV-1 infection and transmission7.5 Infection and innate host response7.6 HIV and adaptive host response7.7 HIV-1 comorbid conditions7.8 HIV and drugs7.9 Infection-associated inflammation and aging promote fibrosis7.10 Viral eradication studies 8: Bioethical considerations and IRB challenges in translational biology study design and bioethical considerations in biomedical researchAbstract8.1 Institutional review boards8.2 Institutional animal care and use committee (IACUC)8.3 Big Data and the online privacy of health information 9: Concluding remarks and the future of personalized medicineAbstract9.1 Introduction9.2 Personalized medicine and aging9.3 Personalized medicine and muscle maintenance9.4 Personalized medicine and infectious diseases: HIV References Index
- ISBN: 978-0-08-101521-6
- Editorial: Woodhead Publishing
- Encuadernacion: Rústica
- Páginas: 200
- Fecha Publicación: 30/06/2016
- Nº Volúmenes: 1
- Idioma: Inglés