Quinoa: Sustainable Production, Variety Improvement, and Nutritive Value in Agroecological Systems

INDICE:                     I.            Global Significance and Promise of Quinoa This chapter will serve as an introduction to the book and will focus on the current status of quinoa production and consumption throughout different regions of the world.  Additionally, this chapter will also delve into the cropping system and marketing potential of quinoa. [?30pp] Lead Author: Dr. Kevin Murphy, Washington State University                   II.            History of Quinoa: It’s Origin, Domestication, Diversification and Cultivation Quinoa has been grown for approximately 7000 years and until recently, exclusively in South America.  This chapter will document the center of origin of quinoa, describe the domestication process from its wild Chenopodium ancestors, and illustrate the role of farmers in growing and selecting quinoa that led to the crops diversification and its concurrent spread throughout many different agroclimatic regions of South America.  [?20pp] Lead Author (tentative): Dr. Enrique Martinez, Centro Regional de Investigacion Cientifica, Chile                 III.            Quinoa Genome This chapter will focus on the current knowledge of the quinoa genome as learned through two decades of mapping research.  Important linkage groups, and genetic and chromosomal associations will be reviewed and discussed.  High–throughput genotyping systems, including DArTs and SNPs, will pave the way for greatly increased knowledge of the quinoa genome.  This chapter will serve as an excellent foundation for the following chapter on quinoa breeding.  [25–35pp] Lead Authors (tentative): Drs. Jeff Maughan and Rick Jellen, Brigham Young University                 IV.            Quinoa Breeding: History, Goals and Progress                                                               i.      South America                                                             ii.      North America                                                           iii.      Europe                                                            iv.      Africa                                                              v.      Asia This chapter will describe in detail the history, objectives, and progress of quinoa breeding programs in each of the five major regions listed above.  Each region currently has representation of breeding programs to differing extents, some well established and some in its infancy.  Author teams from each region will be responsible for their respective sections of this chapter. [?50pp] Lead Authors by Region (tentative): i. Dr. Rayda Gomez Pando, National Agriculture University, La Molina, Peru; ii. Dr. Kevin Murphy, Washington State University; iii. Dr. Sven–Erik Jacobsen, University of Copenhagan, Denmark; iv. Dr. Moses Maliro, Bunda College of Agriculture, University of Malawi, Malawi; v. Dr. Hassan Munir Bajwa, Dept of Crop Physiology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan                   V.            Applications of Marker Assisted Selection in Quinoa Marker Assisted Selection in quinoa breeding programs has increased in importance in recent years.   This chapter will mesh the earlier genomics and breeding chapters and focus entirely on the practice and potential of MAS in quinoa breeding. [?20pp] Lead Author: Dr. Janet Matanguihan, Washington State University                 VI.            Agroecological and Agronomic Cultural Practices                                                               i.      South America                                                             ii.      North America                                                           iii.      Europe                                                            iv.      Africa                                                              v.      Asia Similar to Chapter 4 on quinoa breeding, this chapter will highlight the various agroecological and agronomic practices employed in each region listed above.  Differences in climate, latitudes, altitudes, soil types, market proximity, varietal availability, degree–growing days, etc. all are important factors in defining the agronomic capacity of quinoa.  Different agroecological practices, including crop rotations, intercropping systems and uses of intraspecific genetic diversity within each region will be an additional focus of this chapter.  [?50pp] Lead Authors by Region (tentative): i. Dr. Juan Antonio Gonzalez, Fundacion Lillo, Argentina; ii. Adam Peterson, Hannah Walters and Kevin Murphy, Washington State University; iii. Dr. Sven–Erik Jacobsen, University of Copenhagan, Denmark; iv. Dr. Moses Maliro, Bunda College of Agriculture, University of Malawi, Malawi; v. Dr. Shahzad Maqsood Ahmed Basra, Dept of Crop Physiology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan               VII.            Biotic Stresses in Quinoa: Disease Pressures and Management Diseases of quinoa, including downy mildew, Rhizoctonia, Fusarium wild, leaf spot, seed rot, damping off and brown stalk rot all play important roles, to differing extents, in determining the plant health and productive capacity of quinoa.  This chapter will review these important diseases and discuss current knowledge of control methods, within and outside of traditional quinoa growing regions. [25pp] Lead Author (tentative): Solveig Danielsen, The Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, Denmark             VIII.            Biotic Stresses in Quinoa: Insect Pressures and Biocontrol Methods The focus of this chapter will be the major insect pests and beneficial predators of quinoa.  For example, common pests such as aphids and lygus bug will be highlighted.  New pests, including the tortoise beetle and Scrobipalpa will be presented along with known geographic distribution, environmental parameters associated with the insects and potential control methods.  Genetic, agronomic and post–harvest strategies for overcoming these and other economically relevant biotic challenges will be discussed.  [?25pp] Lead Author (tentative): Dr. ME Valoy, Ecological Institute, Miguel Lillo Foundation, Argentina                 IX.            Abiotic Stresses in Quinoa: Drought Stress and Temperature Tolerance Quinoa has been shown to produce good yields under conditions of very low rainfall (<200mm/yr).  Additionally quinoa is frost tolerant though somewhat heat sensitive during key physiological growth stages (i.e. pollen production). This chapter will review the literature for drought stress, and heat and frost tolerance in quinoa.  Methods to optimize production in these stressed environments, for example, deficit irrigation technologies, will be discussed. [?25pp] Lead Author (tentative): Dr. Sam Geerts, Division of Soil and Water Management, K.U. Leuven University, Belgium                   X.            Abiotic Stresses in Quinoa: Salinity Tolerance As a halophytic crop species , Chenopodium quinoa has a remarkable ability to produce healthy plants and moderate to high yields even under very challenging salt–prone environmental conditions.  This chapter will discuss these challenges and the opportunities for the utilization of quinoa in salt–stressed environments. [?25pp] Lead author: Verena Isabelle Adolf, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Copenhagan, Denmark                 XI.            Quinoa Nutrition Quinoa is unique among seeds, pseudocereals and grains for its complete amino acid profile and nutritional value.  Much research has been conducted on the various aspects of quinoa, including protein composition, mineral concentration, and contents of vitamins, fatty acids and antioxidants.  This chapter will synthesize the latest nutritional research on quinoa from around the world.  [?30pp] Lead Author (tentative): Dr. Antonio Vega–Galvez, Dept of Food Engineering, University of La Serena, Chile               XII.            Realized and Potential End Uses of Quinoa Quinoa is widely eaten as a whole grain, however is used extensively in many processed foods as well.  These include pasta, polenta, cereal flakes, breads, oils and even beer and vodka.  Each of these end products has important quality characteristics and needs specific to quinoa and research on proper preparation, blends, and end–use quality traits have been conducted.  This chapter will review the relevant data from these studies and discuss further opportunities of potential end–uses for quinoa.  [?30pp] Lead Author (tentative): Dr. Lilian James, University of Chile, Chile             XIII.            Farmer Participatory Research and On Farm Conservation in Quinoa Farmer breeding and selection over the past 7,000 years has brought us to the situation today, where an abundance of genetic diversity has led to the wide adaptation of the crop.  It is important that farmers continue to play an integral role in quinoa breeding and agronomy.  This chapter will focus on current and previous scientist–farmer collaborative efforts in quinoa and then discuss priorities for future participatory research. [?25pp] Lead Author (tentative): Dr. Francisco Fuentes, University Arturo Prat, Chile             XIV.            Quinoa and Climate Change Due to the broad adaptation of quinoa and its ability to withstand severe stresses and remain productive in a wide variety of marginal environments, the potential for quinoa as a nutritious food in the uncertain future landscape defined by climate change is promising.  This chapter will delve into the rationale and agronomic strategies for the expansion of the traditional quinoa growing regions of the world and describe the potential place and role of quinoa within established farming systems and crop rotations.  [?20pp] Author: Dr. Kevin Murphy, Washington State University

• ISBN: 978-1-118-62805-8
• Editorial: Wiley–Blackwell
• Encuadernacion: Cartoné
• Páginas: 400
• Fecha Publicación: 16/01/2015
• Nº Volúmenes: 1
• Idioma: Inglés