The use of bioresorbable polymers in stents, fixation devices and tissue engineering is revolutionising medicine. Both industry and academic researchers are interested in using computer modelling to replace some experiments which are costly and time consuming. This book provides readers with a comprehensive review of modelling polymers and polymeric medical devices as an alternative to practical experiments. Chapters in part one provide readers with an overview of the fundamentals of biodegradation. Part two looks at a wide range of degradation theories for bioresorbable polymers and devices. The final set of chapters look at advances in modelling biodegradation of bioresorbable polymers. This book is an essential guide to those concerned with replacing tests and experiments with modelling. Provides a comprehensive mathematical framework for computer modelling of polymers and polymeric medical devices that can significantly reduce the number of experiments needed. Reviews the fundamental methods of modelling degradation, and applies these to particular materials including amorphous bioresorbable polyesters, semicrystalline biodegradable polyesters, and composite materials made of biodegradable polyesters and triclcium phosphates INDICE: List of contributors Woodhead Publishing Series in Biomaterials Part One: Fundamental methods of modelling degradation of bioresorbable polymeric medical devices1. Introduction to computer modelling for the design of biodegradable medical devicesAbstract1.1 Introduction1.2 General modelling techniques useful in studying device degradation1.3 The degradation pathway and models presented in this book1.4 Challenges and unresolved issuesAcknowledgements2. Modelling degradation of amorphous biodegradable polyesters: basic modelAbstract2.1 Introduction2.2 Hydrolysis rate equation2.3 Production of short chains2.4 Master equation for chain scission2.5 Summary of equations and list of symbols2.6 Analytical solutions of the master equation2.7 Numerical solution of the master equation2.8 Concluding remarks3. Modelling degradation of amorphous biodegradable polyesters: advanced modelAbstract3.1 Introduction3.2 Partition of carboxylic end groups on long and short chains3.3 Analytical solutions to the master equation3.4 Numerical solution and a parametric study of the model3.5 Separation of end scission from random scission3.6 Contributions from random and end scissions to polymer degradation3.7 Concluding remarks4. Modelling degradation of semi-crystalline biodegradable polyestersAbstract4.1 Introduction4.2 Rate equation for chain scission in semi-crystalline polymers4.3 Actual and extended degrees of crystallinity4.4 Extended degree of crystallinity of chain cleavage-induced crystallisation4.5 Summary of governing equations for simultaneous chain scission and crystallisation4.6 Calculation of number-averaged molecular weight4.7 Comparison between models assuming fast and normal crystallisation4.8 Concluding remarks5. Modelling biodegradation of composite materials made of biodegradable polyesters and tricalcium phosphates (TCPs)Abstract5.1 Introduction5.2 TCP dissolution and buffering reactions5.3 Rate equation for chain scission in presence of buffering reactions5.4 Governing equations for degradation of polyester-TCP composites5.5 Normalised equations5.6 TCP effectiveness map5.7 Concluding remarks6. Modelling heterogeneous degradation of polymeric devices due to short chain diffusionAbstract6.1 Introduction6.2 Scission rate of long chains affected by short chain diffusion6.3 Diffusion equation for short chains6.4 Collection of the governing equations6.5 A numerical study of size effect6.6 Non-dimensionalisation and degradation map6.7 Effect of other factors on the degradation map6.8 Concluding remarks Part Two: Advanced methods of modelling degradation of bioresorbable polymeric medical devices7. Finite element analysis (FEA) of biodegradation of polymeric medical devicesAbstract7.1 Introduction7.2 Case study A: a three-dimensional cube7.3 Case study B: scaffolds in tissue engineering7.4 Case study C: internal bone-fixation screws7.5 Case study D: coronary stents7.6 ConclusionsAcknowledgement8. The effective diffusion coefficient of degrading polymersAbstract8.1 Introduction8.2 Analytical expressions of the effective diffusion coefficient for a two-phase material8.3 Empirical expressions for the effective diffusion coefficient8.4 Molecular dynamics (MD) and Brownian dynamics (BD)8.5 The direct finite element (DFE) method for effective diffusion coefficients8.6 Summary8.7 ConclusionsAcknowledgements9. Mechanical properties of biodegradable polymers for medical applicationsAbstract9.1 Fundamentals of mechanical properties in polymers9.2 Methods of measurement for mechanical properties9.3 Factors that influence the mechanical properties of bioresorbable polymers before degradation9.4 The degradation of mechanical properties9.5 Modelling changes in mechanical properties of degrading polymers9.6 Conclusions10. Molecular and multi-scale modelling methods of polymer device degradationAbstract10.1 Introduction10.2 Mathematical models for polymer chain scission10.3 The Kinetic Monte Carlo (KMC) simulation of hydrolysis reactions10.4 A multi-scale model for device degradations10.5 ConclusionsAcknowledgement Index
- ISBN: 978-0-08-101551-3
- Editorial: Woodhead Publishing
- Encuadernacion: Rústica
- Páginas: 300
- Fecha Publicación: 30/06/2016
- Nº Volúmenes: 1
- Idioma: Inglés