Energy and the Environment, 3rd Edition examines several critical topics of global importance associated with our increasing use of resource consumption and its impact on our environment. Author, Jeffrey Brack, provides updated information on pivotal issues that surround the study of energy through the exploration of basic concepts, resource applications and problems of current interest. INDICE: CHAPTER 1 Energy Fundamentals, Energy Use in an Industrial Society 1 .1.1 Introduction 1 .1.2 WhyDoWeUse So Much Energy? 4 .1.3 Energy Basics 7 .1.4 Units of Energy 11 .1.5 Scientific Notation 12 .1.6 Energy Consumption in the United States 14 .1.7 The Principle of Energy Conservation 20 .1.8 Transformation of Energy from One Form to Another 21 .1.9 Renewable and Nonrenewable Energy Sources 22 .Key Terms 24 .Suggested Reading and References 24 .Questions and Problems 24 .Multiple Choice Questions 25 .CHAPTER 2 The Fossil Fuels 28 .2.1 Introduction 28 .2.2 Petroleum 29 .2.3 History of the Production of Petroleum in the United States 30 .2.4 Petroleum Resources of the United States 32 .2.5 World Production of Petroleum 35 .2.6 The Cost of Gasoline in the United States 36 .2.7 Petroleum Refining 37 .2.8 Natural Gas 39 .2.9 The History of Use of Natural Gas 41 .2.10 The Natural Gas Resource Base in the United States 43 .2.11 The Natural Gas Resource Base for the World 44 .2.12 The Formation of Coal 46 .2.13 Coal Resources and Consumption 46 .2.14 Shale Oil 49 .2.15 Tar Sands 52 .2.16 Summary 52 .Key Terms 53 .Suggested Reading and References 54 .Questions and Problems 54 .Multiple Choice Questions 55 .CHAPTER 3 Heat Engines 57 .3.1 The Mechanical Equivalent of Heat 57 .3.2 The Energy Content of Fuels 58 .3.3 The Thermodynamics of Heat Engines 59 .3.4 Generation of Electricity 61 .3.5 Electric Power Transmission 63 .3.6 Practical Heat Engines 65 .3.7 Heat Pumps 71 .3.8 Cogeneration 74 .Key Terms 76 .Suggested Reading and References 76 .Questions and Problems 76 .Multiple Choice Questions 77 .CHAPTER 4 Renewable Energy Sources I: Solar Energy 81 .4.1 Introduction 81 .4.2 Energy from the Sun 82 .4.3 A Flat–Plate Collector System 87 .4.4 Passive Solar 91 .4.5 Solar Thermal Electric Power Generation 94 .4.6 The Direct Conversion of Solar Energy to Electrical Energy 100 .4.7 Solar Cooling 106 .Key Terms 107 .Suggested Reading and References 107 .Questions and Problems 108 .Multiple Choice Questions 108 .CHAPTER 5 Renewable Energy Sources II: Alternatives 111 .5.1 Introduction 111 .5.2 Hydropower 112 .5.3 Wind Power 118 .5.4 Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion 125 .5.5 Biomass as an Energy Feedstock 130 .5.6 Biomass: Municipal Solid Waste 135 .5.7 Biomass–Derived Liquid and Gaseous Fuels 136 .5.8 Geothermal Energy 140 .5.9 Tidal Energy 145 .5.10 Wave Energy 147 .5.11 Summary 147 .Key Terms 148 .Suggested Reading and References 148 .Questions and Problems 149 .Multiple Choice Questions 150 .CHAPTER 6 The Promise and Problems of Nuclear Energy 152 .6.1 Introduction 152 .6.2 A Short History of Nuclear Energy 153 .6.3 Radioactivity 156 .6.4 Nuclear Reactors 157 .6.5 The Boiling Water Reactor 159 .6.6 Fuel Cycle 162 .6.7 Uranium Resources 163 .6.8 Environmental and Safety Aspects of Nuclear Energy 165 .6.9 Nuclear Reactor Accidents 168 .6.10 Nuclear Weapons 170 .6.11 The Storage of High–Level RadioactiveWaste 172 .6.12 The Cost of Nuclear Power 174 .6.13 Nuclear Fusion as an Energy Source 175 .6.14 Controlled Thermonuclear Reactions 177 .6.15 A Fusion Reactor 178 .Key Terms 182 .Suggested Reading and References 182 .Questions and Problems 183 .Multiple Choice Questions 184 .CHAPTER 7 Energy Conservation 187 .7.1 A Penny Saved Is a Penny Earned 187 .7.2 Space Heating 189 .7.3 Water Heaters, Home Appliances, and Lighting 201 .7.4 Energy Conservation in Industry and Agriculture 208 .Key Terms 212 .Suggested Reading and References 212 .Questions and Problems 213 .Multiple Choice Questions 214 .CHAPTER 8 Transportation 216 .8.1 Introduction 216 .8.2 Power and Energy Requirements 219 .8.3 Electric Batteries, Flywheels, Hybrids, Hydrogen, Alcohol 226 .8.4 Mass Transportation 240 .Key Terms 243 .Suggested Reading and References 243 .Questions and Problems 244 .Multiple Choice Questions 244 .CHAPTER 9 Air Pollution 247 .9.1 Spaceship Earth 247 .9.2 The Earth s Atmosphere 248 .9.3 Thermal Inversions 249 .9.4 Carbon Monoxide 253 .9.5 The Oxides of Nitrogen 258 .9.6 Hydrocarbon Emissions and Photochemical Smog 259 .9.7 Reduction of Vehicle Emissions 262 .9.8 Sulfur Dioxide in the Atmosphere 265 .9.9 Particulates as Pollutants 267 .9.10 Acid Rain 272 .Key Terms 275 .Suggested Reading and References 275 .Questions and Problems 275 .Multiple Choice Questions 276 .CHAPTER 10 Global Effects 279 .10.1 Introduction 279 .10.2 Ozone Depletion in the Stratosphere 280 .10.3 The Greenhouse Effect and World Climate Changes 284 .Key Terms 296 .Suggested Reading and References 296 .Questions and Problems 297 .Multiple Choice Questions 298 .APPENDIX 299 .A.1 Linear Plots, Semilogarithmic Plots, and Exponential Growth 299 .A.2 Fahrenheit, Celsius, and Kelvin Temperature Scales 302 .ANSWERS TO SELECTED END–OF–CHAPTER PROBLEMS 304 .INDEX 306
- ISBN: 978-1-118-85463-1
- Editorial: John Wiley & Sons
- Encuadernacion: Rústica
- Páginas: 334
- Fecha Publicación: 17/02/2016
- Nº Volúmenes: 1
- Idioma: Inglés