Introduction to Dynamics and Control in Mechanical Engineering Systems

An introductory textbook covering dynamics and controls of engineering systems, with particular focus on mechanical engineering systems Presents and illustrates the process of translating systems in the physical world to mathematical models in the conceptual world during the derivations of equations of motion Includes problems and solutions Contains a separate chapter for operating principles of sensors or transducers and their equations of motion Covers graphical methods for control system analysis and design Presents modern control system analysis as a foundation for a second or graduate course in control engineering Includes applications of MATLAB® for numerical solutions to various questions in system dynamics in order to verify exact solutions and enhance understanding as well as interpretation of solutions INDICE: Preface xiii .Acknowledgements xv .1. Introduction 1 .1.1 Important Difference between Static and Dynamic Responses 1 .1.2 Classification of Dynamic Systems 1 .1.3 Applications of Control Theory 3 .1.4 Organization of Presentation 4 .References 6 .2. Review of Laplace Transforms 7 .2.1 Definition 7 .2.2 First and Second Shifting Theorems 10 .2.3 Dirac Delta Function (Unit Impulse Function) 10 .2.4 Laplace Transforms of Derivatives and Integrals 10 .2.5 Convolution Theorem 11 .2.6 Initial and Final Value Theorems 12 .2.7 Laplace Transforms of Periodic Functions 12 .2.8 Partial Fraction Method 13 .2.9 Questions and Solutions 15 .2.10 Applications of MATLAB 19 .References 25 .Exercise Questions 25 .3. Dynamic Behaviors of Hydraulic and Pneumatic Systems 27 .3.1 Basic Elements of Liquid and Gas Systems 27 .3.1.1 Liquids 28 .3.1.2 Gases 28 .3.1.3 Remarks 29 .3.2 Hydraulic Tank Systems 29 .3.2.1 Non–interacting hydraulic tank systems 30 .3.2.2 Interacting hydraulic tank systems 31 .3.3 Nonlinear Hydraulic Tank and Linear Transfer Function 32 .3.4 Pneumatically Actuated Valves 35 .3.5 Questions and Solutions 37 .Appendix 3A 47 .Exercise Questions 48 .4. Dynamic Behaviors of Oscillatory Systems 53 .4.1 Elements of Oscillatory Systems 53 .4.2 Free Vibration of Single Degree of Freedom Systems 56 .4.3 Single Degree–of–Freedom Systems under Harmonic Forces 59 .4.4 Single Degree–of–Freedom Systems under Non–Harmonic Forces 61 .4.5 Vibration Analysis of Multi–Degrees of Freedom Systems 63 .4.5.1 Formulation and solution for two–degrees–of–freedom systems 64 .4.5.2 Vibration analysis of system with a dynamic absorber 68 .4.5.3 Normal mode analysis 70 .4.6 Vibration of Continuous Systems 73 .4.6.1 Vibrating strings or cables 74 .4.6.2 Remarks 76 .4.7 Questions and Solutions 77 .Appendix 4A 93 .References 94 .Exercise Questions 94 .5. Formulation and Dynamic Behavior of Thermal Systems 103 .5.1 Elements of Thermal Systems 103 .5.1.1 Thermal resistance 104 .5.1.2 Thermal capacitance 104 .5.1.3 Thermal radiation 104 .5.2 Thermal Systems 104 .5.2.1 Process control 105 .5.2.2 Thermal heating 106 .5.2.3 Three–capacitance oven 107 .5.3 Questions and Solutions 110 .Exercise Questions 114 .6. Formulation and Dynamic Behavior of Electrical Systems 119 .6.1 Basic Electric Elements 119 .6.2 Fundamentals of Electric Circuits 120 .6.2.1 Resistors connected in series 120 .6.2.2 Resistors connected in parallel 121 .6.2.3 Kirchhoff s laws 122 .6.3 Simple Electrical Circuits and Networks 122 .6.4 Electromechanical Systems 124 .6.4.1 Armature–controlled DC motor 125 .6.4.2 Field–controlled DC motor 127 .6.4.3 DC generator 128 .6.5 Questions and Solutions 129 .References 131 .Exercise Questions 131 .7. Dynamic Characteristics of Transducers 135 .7.1 Basic Theory of Tachometer 135 .7.2 Principle and Applications of Oscillatory Motion Transducers 136 .7.2.1 Equation of motion 137 .7.2.2 Design Considerations of two types of transducers 139 .7.3 Principle and Applications of Microphones 139 .7.3.1 Moving–coil microphone 140 .7.3.2 Condenser microphone 142 .7.4 Principle and Applications of Piezoelectric Hydrophone 144 .7.5 Questions and Solutions 146 .References 150 .Exercise Questions 150 .8. Fundamentals of Control Systems 153 .8.1 Classification of Control Systems 154 .8.2 Representation of Control Systems 154 .8.3 Transfer Functions 154 .8.3.1 Transfer functions of elements in cascade connection 155 .8.3.2 Transfer functions of elements in parallel connection 156 .8.3.3 Remarks 156 .8.4 Closed–Loop Control Systems 157 .8.4.1 Closed–loop transfer functions and system response 157 .8.4.2 Summary of steps for determination of closed–loop transfer functions 160 .8.5 Block Diagram Reduction 160 .8.5.1 Moving starting points of signals 160 .8.5.2 Moving summing points 161 .8.5.3 System transfer function by block diagram reduction 161 .8.6 Questions and Solutions 163 .References 170 .Exercise Questions 170 .9. Analysis and Performance of Control Systems 173 .9.1 Response in Time Domain 173 .9.2 Transient Responses As Functions of Closed–Loop Poles 175 .9.3 Control System Design Based on Transient Responses 175 .9.4 Control Types 179 .9.4.1 Proportional control 180 .9.4.2 Integral control 181 .9.4.3 Derivative control 181 .9.5 Steady State Errors 182 .9.5.1 Unit step input 182 .9.5.2 Unit ramp input 183 .9.5.3 Unit parabolic input 183 .9.6 Performance Indices and Sensitivity Functions 184 .9.6.1 Performance indices 184 .9.6.2 Sensitivity functions 185 .9.7 Questions and Solutions 185 .Exercise Questions 190 .10. Stability Analysis of Control Systems 195 .10.1 Concept of Stability in Linear Control Systems 195 .10.2 Routh–Hurwitz Stability Criterion 195 .10.3 Applications of Routh–Hurwitz Stability Criterion 197 .10.4 Questions and Solutions 203 .References 209 .Exercise Questions 209 .11. Graphical Methods for Control Systems 213 .11.1 Root Locus Method and Root Locus Plots 213 .11.1.1 Rules for root locus plots of negative feedback control systems 214 .11.1.2 Construction of root loci 216 .11.2 Polar and Bode Plots 218 .11.3 Nyquist Plots and Stability Criterion 222 .11.3.1 Conformal mapping and Cauchy s theorem 224 .11.3.2 Nyquist method and stability criterion 227 .11.4 Gain Margin and Phase Margin 230 .11.5 Lines of Constant Magnitude: M circles 233 .11.6 Lines of Constant Phase: N circles 237 .11.7 Nichols Charts 239 .11.8 Applications of MATLAB for Graphical Constructions 240 .11.8.1 Root locus plots 240 .11.8.2 Bode plots 248 .11.8.3 Nyquist plots 255 .References 264 .Exercise Questions 265 .12. Modern Control System Analysis 267 .12.1 State Space Method 267 .12.2 State Transition Matrix 268 .12.3 Relationship between Laplace Transformed State Equation and Transfer Function 269 .12.4 Stability Based on Eigenvalues of Coefficient Matrix 272 .12.5 Controllability and Observability 276 .12.6 Stabilizability and Detectability 281 .12.7 Applications of MATLAB 281 .Appendix 12A Solution of System of First Order Differential Equations 291 .Appendix 12B Maclaurin s Series 296 .Appendix 12C Rank of A Matrix 298 .References 298 .Exercise Questions 299 .Index 301

• ISBN: 978-1-118-93492-0
• Editorial: Wiley–Blackwell
• Encuadernacion: Cartoné
• Páginas: 272
• Fecha Publicación: 01/04/2016
• Nº Volúmenes: 1
• Idioma: Inglés