Electromagnetics of Body Area Networks: Antennas, Propagation, and RF Systems

The book is a comprehensive treatment of the field, covering fundamental theoretical principles and new technological advancements, state–of–the–art device design, and reviewing examples encompassing a wide range of related sub–areas. In particular, the first area focuses on the recent development of novel wearable and implantable antenna concepts and designs including metamaterial–based wearable antennas, microwave circuit integrated wearable filtering antennas, and textile and/or fabric material enabled wearable antennas. The second set of topics covers advanced wireless propagation and the associated statistical models for on–body, in–body, and off–body modes. Other sub–areas such as efficient numerical human body modeling techniques, artificial phantom synthesis and fabrication, as well as low–power RF integrated circuits and related sensor technology are also discussed. These topics have been carefully selected for their transformational impact on the next generation of body–area network systems and beyond. INDICE: List of Contributors xv .Preface xix .Acknowledgments xxiii .1 Textile Antennas for Body Area Networks: Design Strategies and Evaluation Methods 1Ping Jack Soh and Guy A. E. Vandenbosch .1.1 Introduction, 1 .1.2 Textile Materials and Antenna Fabrication Procedure, 2 .1.3 Design Strategies and Evaluation Methods, 5 .1.4 Conclusion, 20 .2 Metamaterial–Enabled and Microwave Circuit Integrated Wearable Antennas for Off–Body Communications 27Zhi Hao Jiang, Taiwei Yue, and Douglas H. Werner .2.1 Introduction, 27 .2.2 A Metasurface–Enabled Compact Wearable Antenna, 29 .2.3 Microwave Circuit Integrated Wearable Filtering Antennas, 37 .2.4 Investigation of Performance for Wearable Applications, 47 .2.5 Conclusion, 55 .3 AMC–Backed Flexible Near–Endfire Wearable Antennas for On–Body Communications 61Kush Agarwal and Yong–Xin Guo .3.1 Introduction, 61 .3.2 AMC–Backed Near–Endfire Antenna for On–Body Communications, 64 .3.3 Fabricating the Antenna Configurations on Flexible Latex Substrate, 68 .3.4 Investigation of Antenna Performances in Free Space, 69 .3.5 Investigation of Antenna Performances on Voxel Model, 72 .3.6 Antenna Performance Under Bending Deformation, 76 .3.7 Measurement Results, 79 .3.8 Conclusion, 84 .4 Novel Antenna Designs and Characterization Methodologies for Medical Diagnostics and Sensing 87Harish Rajagopalan and Yahya Rahmat–Samii .4.1 Introduction, 87 .4.2 Ingestible Antenna Design at WMTS Band: Wireless Capsule Endoscopy Diagnostics, 97 .4.3 Ingestible Antenna Design at ISM Band: Medical Compliance Sensing, 110 .4.4 On–Body Antenna at UHF Band: RFID Tag for Patient Monitoring, 117 .4.5 Future Outlook, 126 .4.6 Conclusion, 129 .5 Basic Performance Characteristics of Wearable Antennas Over a Wide Frequency Range 135Koichi Ito .5.1 Introduction, 135 .5.2 Frequency Dependence of Communication Channels Between Wearable Antennas Mounted on the Human Body, 136 .5.3 Influences of Surrounding Environment and Body Movement, 142 .5.4 Practical Applications, 149 .5.5 Conclusion, 156 .6 Implanted Antennas and RF Transmission in Through–Body Communications 159Terence Shie Ping See, Zhi Ning Chen, and Xianming Qing .6.1 Introduction, 159 .6.2 Antennas for Wireless Capsule Endoscopy, 162 .6.3 Antennas in Wireless Implantable Neuroprobe Microsystem for Motor Prosthesis, 187 .6.4 Conclusion, 201 .7 Antennas, Phantoms, and Body–Centric Propagation at Millimeter–Waves 205Nacer Chahat, Adrian Tang, Anda Guraliuc, Maxim Zhadobov, Ronan Sauleau, and Guido Valerio .7.1 Introduction, 205 .7.2 Human Body Modeling and Exposure Guidelines, 207 .7.3 Antennas For Off–Body Communications at Millimeter–Waves, 222 .7.4 Antenna and Propagation for On–Body Propagation, 231 .7.5 Conclusion, 248 .8 Wearable Active Antenna Modules for Energy–Efficient Reliable Off–Body Communication Systems 261Patrick Van Torre, Luigi Vallozzi, and Hendrik Rogier .8.1 Introduction, 261 .8.2 Diversity and MIMO Techniques for Off–Body Wireless Channels, 264 .8.3 Active Wearable Antennas: Efficient Design and Implementation, 269 .8.4 Body–Centric MIMO Channels, 273 .8.5 Applications, 295 .8.6 Conclusions, 311 .9 More Than Wearable: Epidermal Antennas for Tracking and Sensing 319Sara Amendola, Cecilia Occhiuzzi, and Gaetano Marrocco .9.1 Introduction, 319 .9.2 RFID Technology, 321 .9.3 Radiation Performance of Epidermal Antennas, 322 .9.4 Performance of Epidermal RFID Dual–Loop Tag, 328 .9.5 Special (Functionalized) Epidermal Membranes, 335 .9.6 Sensing Applications, 341 .9.7 Conclusion, 347 .10 Inkjet–Printed Smart Skins and Wirelessly–Powered Sensors for Wearable Applications 351John Kimionis and Manos (Emmanouil) M. Tentzeris .10.1 Introduction, 351 .10.2 Multilayer Inkjet Printing Conductors and Dielectrics, 352 .10.3 Multilayer Inkjet Printing Antenna Examples, 354 .10.4 Inkjet–Printed Sensors, 356 .10.5 Conductive Polymer–Based Sensors, 357 .10.6 Carbon Nanomaterial–Based Sensors, 358 .10.7 Inkjet–Printed Microfluidics, 360 .10.8 Wireless Energy Harvesting for Wearables, 364 .10.9 Microwave Receiver Design, 364 .10.10 Circuit Fabrication with Inkjet–Printed Masking, 365 .10.11 Input Power Estimation and RF–DC Conversion Circuit Design, 366 .10.12 RF–DC Conversion Efficiency Measurement and Prototype Operation Tests, 368 .10.13 Conclusion, 371 .11 Circuits and Systems for Wireless Body Area Network 375Joonsung Bae and Hoi–Jun Yoo .11.1 Introduction, 375 .11.2 MBAN System Concept, 377 .11.3 Energy–Efficient MBAN Hub Design, 381 .11.4 Compact Sensor Node Designs, 389 .11.5 System Implementation, 400 .11.6 Conclusion, 401 .12 Ultra Low–Power MEMS–Based Radios for WBAN 405Raghavasimhan Thirunarayanan, Aravind Prasad Heragu, and Christian Enz .12.1 Introduction to Body Area Networks, 405 .12.2 WBAN Requirements, 406 .12.3 Limitations of Conventional Radios for WBAN Systems, 407 .12.4 Comparison Metrics for ULP Radios, 408 .12.5 MEMS Resonators A Solution to Bulky Crystals, 411 .12.5.1 BAW Resonators, 411 .12.6 FBAR–Based Radios, 413 .12.7 FBAR–Based TX Architecture, 413 .12.8 Transmitter Measurement Results, 418 .12.9 Summary of the FBAR–Based TX, 424 .12.10 Receiver Architecture, 424 .12.11 Summary of the FBAR–Based RX, 443 .12.12 Conclusion, 443 .13 Exploring Physiological Features from On–Body Radio Channels 447Max O. Munoz and Yang Hao .13.1 Introduction, 447 .13.2 Physiological Information Parameters, 449 .13.3 Methods for Non–Invasive Physiological Detection, 449 .13.4 Discussion and Conclusion, 466 .14 Power/Data Telemetry Techniques for Implants or Wearable Systems 471Anil K. RamRakhyani and Gianluca Lazzi .14.1 Introduction, 471 .14.2 Powering of Implants and Wearable Systems, 472 .14.3 Data Communication to Implants and Wearable Systems, 481 .14.4 Discussion, 484 .14.5 Design Examples, 485 .14.6 Conclusion, 488 .References, 488 .Index 493

• ISBN: 978-1-119-02946-5
• Editorial: Wiley–Blackwell
• Encuadernacion: Cartoné
• Páginas: 536
• Fecha Publicación: 25/10/2016
• Nº Volúmenes: 1
• Idioma: Inglés