The communist experience in the twentieth century: a global history through sources

Using a source-based approach, The Communist Experience in the Twentieth Century is the first text designed to help students, general readers, and scholars understand how people constructed Communist ways of life around the world. Taking a global approach, it extends beyond Russia and Eastern Europe to examine the lives of people in China, Korea, Vietnam, Cambodia, Kyrgyzstan, Algeria,Peru, Cuba, and elsewhere. The book provides an inside look at the Communistexperience,where people were--sometimes simultaneously so--enthusiasts, reshapers, resisters, and victims of an ideological project that was (and, for some, still is)both humanity's darkest nightmare and brightest hope. Using a source-based approach, The Communist Experience in the Twentieth Century is the first text designed to help students, general readers, and scholars understand how people constructed Communist ways of life around the world. Taking a global approach, it extends beyond Russia and Eastern Europe to examine the lives of people in China, Korea, Vietnam, Cambodia, Kyrgyzstan, Algeria, Peru, Cuba, and elsewhere. The book provides an inside look at the Communist experience,where people were--sometimes simultaneously so--enthusiasts, reshapers, resisters, and victims of an ideological project that was (and, for some, still is)both humanity's darkest nightmare and brightest hope. Since the collapse of Communist regimes beginning in 1989, vital questions--about how peoplesubjectively experienced Communism, helped to shape it, and constructed an idea of "self" in such restrictive environments--have not lost their political significance. In fact, just the opposite holds true. The opening of many formerly closed Communist archives has given scholars the opportunity to research the political significance that the construction of the self had across Communist regimes, polities, and movements. Incorporating the latest scholarship, TheCommunist Experience in theTwentieth Century includes previously unavailable documents, such as diaries and letters, which are now accessible as a result of the archival revolution. A photo essay, "Everyday Life and Everyday Things under Socialism, 1945-1989,"uses visual evidence to explore everyday life across the Communistcivilizations. A locator map at the beginning of each chapter identifies the places associated with each of the sources, and a chronology provides a comparative timeline for Communist and world history. PrefaceAcknowledgementsIntroductionList of MapsList of IllustrationsChronology: Twentieth-Century World History and the History of Communism1. Becoming a Communist2. Children of the Revolutions3. Varieties of Communist Subjects: Beyond the Ordinary4. Ideology and Self-Fashioning5. Contesting the Meaning of State Violence and Repression6. Everyday Life I: Work7. Everyday Life, II: Space8. Everyday Life, III: Are We Having Fun Yet? Entertainment, Sports, and TravelPHOTO ESSAY9. Search for the Self and the Fall of Communism10. Taking Stock: Reckoning with Communism's PastsSuggestions for Further Reading, and Additional ResourcesIndexThematic Table of ContentsEducationDocument 1.1 Russia: Semen Kanatchikov (1879-1940) on his circuitous road to MarxismDocument 1.3 United States of America: Angelo Herndon (1913-1997) on his first exposure to CommunismDocument 1.7 Latin America: Testimonies from members of Peru's Shining Path (Sendero Luminoso)Document 2.1 Spain/USSR, Late 1930s: Letters by Spanish children evacuated during the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939) (Letters are addressed to family and friends in Spain, 1938)Document 2.2 China, Late 1940s: An orphan of China's War with Japan tries to make sense of CommunismDocument 2.3 Cambodia, 1975-1979: Childhood under the Khmer RougeDocument 2.4 North Korea: A child and his aquarium during deportation to a concentration campDocument 2.5 Havana, Early 1960s: Childhood in Castro's CubaDocument 2.6 Peru: Testimony from a child conscripted by the Shining Path (Sendero Luminoso)Document 3.3 Kazakhstan, USSR: A Chinese student reflects on his role in the Soviet Union's virgin lands campaign in 1958Document 4.1 USSR: The politics of self-presentation in the 1921 autobiography of a Communist Party member.Document 4.2 St. Louis, 1948: A Communist Party cell puts <"White Chauvinism>" on trial in a Baptist ChurchDocument 4.5 Czechoslovakia, 1968: Students explain to workers and farmers why they are on strike, and why their strike is <"socialist>"Document 4.6 China, 1966-76: Contesting the official meaning of China's <"Cultural Revolution>": Raeyang (1950- )Document 5.1 USSR: A Soviet teenager (Nina Sergeevna Lugovskaya, 1918-1993) grapples with the meaning of violence in 1934 in Stalinist RussiaDocument 5.4 China, 1989: Chinese writers on state violence before and after the massacre on Tiananmen SquareFigure 6.1 Cuban Poster. <"Let's do our job!,>" for campaign for literacy, ca. 1961Document 6.1 Moscow, 1928: A Chinese student in the USSR grapples with Love, Sex, Labor, and the building of SocialismDocument 6.3 East Germany, June 17, 1953: Workers (and others!) against the <"workers' state>"Document 6.5 Bratislava, June 1963: The <"Working People of Slovakia>" express their grievances to the President of Czechoslovakia and the First Secretary of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia, Antonin NovotnDocument 6.7 Leningrad/St. Petersburg, Early 1980s/Early 1990s/Early 2000s: Alexei Rybin (1960- ), the guitarist for the Soviet rock band Kino, on the meaning of work and other thingsDocument 7.1 Timi?oara, Romania: University students, <"Living Space,>"and everyday life after World War IIDocument 7.2 Nowa Huta (<"New Steelworks>"), Poland: Building Socialismin Poland's new socialist town from a cultural perspectiveFigure 8.1 Photograph of Sabira Kumushalieva (1917-2007)Document 8.1 Kyrgystan: Sabira Kumushalieva (1917-2007) on becoming a star ofthe Kyrgyz Stage and screenDocument 8.2 A former Chinese student (Huang Jian, a.k.a. Yura Huanpin, 1927-) in the USSR on what sports meant for his life and for socialismDocument 8.3 Seoul, Korea, 1950: Working as an actress for the North Korean communistsDocument 8.6 USSR 1970s and 1980s: Inventing Soviet Rock 'n' rollDiscovering the Beatles: Vsevolod Gakkel of the Soviet Rock Band AkvariumDocument 9.1 Poland 1988-89: The <"Orange Alternative>" and Revolution as street theatreDocument 9.6 Ukraine, 1990: Salomea Pavlychko (1958-1999) on a self in flux amidst political uncertainty and economic hardshipDocument 10.1 A former assistant (Manfred Uschner, 1937-2007) of the East German Communist Party's Central Committee Secretary writes his Communist past for a post-communist political careerDocument 10.2 A historian from the former East Germany (Hartmut Zwahr, born 1936) on complicity, responsibility, and victimizationDocument 10.3 Bratislava, Slovakia, 2007: A philosophy student at Comenius University on the spectre a new <"Totalitarian Ideology>" in the post-communist age.Document 10.5 An Italian Communist (Nicola Vendola, born 1958) on the pre-1991 communism of his youth, and the post-1991 communism of his <"maturity>": His continuing search for <"another possible world>"Ethnicity, Race, and National IdentityDocument 1.3 United States of America: Angelo Herndon (1913-1997) on his first exposure to CommunismDocument 1.4 Vietnam: Xuan Phong (1929- ) on her attraction to Vietnamese CommunismDocument 1.5 Algeria: Henry Alleg (1921- ) on clandestine Communist activities during World War IIDocument 1.6 Poland: Jacek Kuro? (1934-2004) on the appeal of Communism afterWorld War IIFigure 1.2 People-many of them African-Americans--at a Communist rally against unemployment in Kansas City, Missouri, most likely in 1931Document 2.1 Spain/USSR, Late 1930s: Letters by Spanish children evacuated during the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939) (Letters are addressed to family and friends in Spain, 1938): Emiliano Aza, letter from Odessa of 31 January 1938Document 2.2 China, Late 1940s: An orphan of China's war with Japan tries to make sense of CommunismDocument 2.5 Havana, early 1960s: Childhood in Castro's CubaDocument 3.1 USSR, 1930s-1940s: Homer Smith (1910-1972) on being an African-American in the Soviet UnionDocument 3.3 Kazakhstan, USSR: A Chinese student reflects on his role in the Soviet Union's virgin lands campaign in 1958Document 4.2 St. Louis, 1948: A Communist Party cell puts <"White Chauvinism>" on trial in a Baptist churchDocument 4.3 Bulgaria, 1949-1981: A regional Communist Party leader on resistance to collectivization-and its <"transcendence>"Document 4.4 Cuba, 1960s: Luis M. Garcia (1959- ) on folk and <"western>" medicine in Castro's CubaDocument 4.5 Czechoslovakia, 1968: Students explain to workers and farmers why they are on strike and why their strike is <"socialist>"Ch. 5 Introduction Contesting the Meaning of State Violence and RepressionDocument 5.3 Hungary, 1956: A (University) students reacts to the USSR's violent suppression of the Hungarian RevolutionDocument 5.4 China, 1989: Chinese writers on state violence before and after the massacre on Tiananmen SquareDocument 6.1 Moscow, 1928: A Chinese student in the USSR grapples with love, sex, labor, and the building of socialismDocument 6.3 East Germany, June 17, 1953: Workers (and others!) against the <"workers' state>"Document 6.4 China, Great Leap Forward (1957-1961): Recollections of a local cadre (Wang Fucheng, 1923- ) and his wife (Wang Xianghua)Document 6.5 Bratislava, June, 1963: The <"Working People of Slovakia>"express their grievances to the President of Czechoslovakia and the First Secretary of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia, Antonin NovotnDocument 7.1 Timi?oara, Romania: University students, <"Living Space,>"and everyday life after World War IIDocument 7.3 Vietnam, 1946-1949: Organic space, human space, and the Viet Minh's guerilla war against the French.Document 7.5 The USSR, Late 1960s: Soviet pensioners try to leave the Kommunalka (Communal apartment) for a room or rooms of their ownFigure 8.1 Photograph of Sabira Kumushalieva (1917-2007)Document 8.1 Kyrgystan: Sabira Kumushalieva (1917-2007) on becoming a star ofthe Kyrgyz Stage and screenDocument 8.2 A former Chinese student (Huang Jian, a.k.a. Yura Huanpin, 1927-) in the USSR on what sports meant for his life and for socialismDocument 8.3 Seoul, Korea, 1950: Working as an actress for the North Korean communistsDocument 9.3 A West German (Hans-Ulrich Treichel, born in 1952) grapples with the meaning of the fall of the Berlin WallDocument 9.4 Yugoslavia, 1989-1990: A scholar (Josip %Sentija) on identity, self, and the Croatian nationDocument 9.5 Romania: Lszl Tks (1952- ), the pastor whose resistance helped to galvanize the fall of Romania's Communist regime, reflects on the events ofDecember, 1989 in Timi?oaraDocument 9.6 Ukraine, 1990: Salomea Pavlychko (1958-1999) on a self in flux amidst political uncertainty and economic hardshipDocument 10.1 A former assistant (Manfred Uschner, 1937-2007) of the East German Communist Party's Central Committee Secretary writes his Communist part for a post-Communist political careerDocument 10.2 A historian from the former East Germany (Hartmut Zwahr, born 1936) on complicity, responsibility, and victimizationFigure 10.2 A still from the filming of <"Journey Home>" (Rka Pigniczky, 2006)Document 10.3 Bratislava, Slovakia, 2007: A philosophy student at Comenius University on the spectre a new <"Totalitarian Ideology>" in the post-communist age.Document 10.4 A Estonian writer, poet, and politician, Jaan Kaplinski (born 1941), on global capitalism as a new <"Soviet Union>"Document 10.5 An Italian Communist (Nicola Vendola, born 1958) on the pre-1991 communism of his youth, and the post-1991 communism of his <"maturity>": His continuing search for <"another possible world>"Family and Home LifeDocument 1.1 Russia: Semen Kanatchikov (1879-1940) on his circuitous road to MarxismDocument 1.2 China: Xiao Ke (1909-????) writes his life into the Marxist understanding of historyDocument 1.4 Vietnam: Xuan Phong (1929- ) on her attraction to Vietnamese CommunismDocument 1.4 Vietnam: Xuan Phong (1929- ) on her attraction to Vietnamese CommunismDocument 1.7 Latin America: Testimonies from members of Peru's Shining Path (Sendero Luminoso)Document 2.1 Spain/USSR, Late 1930s: Letters by Spanish children evacuated during the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939) (Letters are addressed to family and friends in Spain, 1938)Document 2.2 China, Late 1940s: An orphan of China's war with Japan tries to make sense of CommunismDocument 2.3 Cambodia, 1975-1979: Childhood under the Khmer RougeDocument 2.4 North Korea: A child and his aquarium during deportation to a concentration campDocument 2.5 Havana, early 1960s: Childhood in Castro's CubaDocument 2.6 Peru: Testimony from a child conscripted by the Shining Path (Sendero Luminoso)Document 3.1 USSR, 1930s-1940s: Homer Smith (1910-1972) on being an African-American in the Soviet UnionDocument 3.2 USSR: Harry Whyte, an ordinary British Communist, challenges Stain on homosexualityDocument 3.4 Lithuania, 1940s-2004: A Lithuanian mother reflects on her disabled son's lifeDocument 3.6 Havana, Cuba, 1994: <"Manifesto of the Gay and Lesbian Association of Cuba>"Document 4.1 USSR: The politics of self-presentation in the 1921 autobiography of a Communist Party memberDocument 4.2 St. Louis, 1948: A Communist Party cell puts <"White Chauvinism>" on trial in a Baptist churchDocument 4.3 Bulgaria, 1949-1981: A regional Communist Party leader on resistance to collectivization-and its <"transcendence>"Document 4.4 Cuba, 1960s: Luis M. Garcia (1959- ) on folk and <"western>" medicine in Castro's CubaDocument 4.6 China, 1966-76: Contesting the official meaning of China's <"Cultural Revolution>" Raeyang (1950- )Document 5.1 USSR: A Soviet Teenager (Nina Sergeevna Lugovskaya, 1918-1993) grapples with the meaning of political violence in 1934 in Stalinist RussiaDocument 5.2 Spain, 1937: Robert Hale Merriman (1908-1938), an American University student and volunteer commander in the international brigades during theSpanish Civil WarDocument 5.3 Hungary, 1956: A (University) student reacts to the USSR's violent suppression of the Hungarian RevolutionDocument 5.5 Leipzig, East Germany, September, 1989: A Lutheran pastor uses biblical passages to condemn state violence and counsel non-violenceDocument 6.2 USSR, 1929-1934: Labor and its meaning during Stalin's <"Great Break>"Document 6.4 China, Great Leap Forward (1957-1961): Recollections of a local cadre (Wang Fucheng, 1923- ) and his wife (Wang Xianghua)Document 6.5 Bratislava, June, 1963: The <"Working People of Slovakia>"express their grievances to the President of Czechoslovakia and the First Secretary of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia, Antonin NovotnDocument 6.6 Poland, 1982: Polish workers generate a common knowledge of howto resist on an everyday basisDocument 7.1 Timi?oara, Romania: University students, <"Living Space,>"and everyday life after World War IIDocument 7.2 Nowa Huta (<"New Steelworks>"), Poland: Building Socialismin Poland's new socialist town from a cultural perspectiveDocument 7.3 Vietnam, 1946-1949: Organic space, human space, and the Viet Minh's guerilla war against the French.Document 7.5 The USSR, Late 1960s: Soviet pensioners try to leave the Kommunalka (Communal apartment) for a room or rooms of their ownFigure 8.1 Photograph of Sabira Kumushalieva (1917-2007)Document 8.1 Kyrgystan: Sabira Kumushalieva (1917-2007) on becoming a star of the Kyrgyz Stage and screenDocument 8.2 A former Chinese student (Huang Jian, a.k.a. Yura Huanpin, 1927-) in the USSR on what sports meant for his life and for socialismDocument 8.3 Seoul, Korea, 1950: Working as an actress for the North Korean communistsDocument 8.4 East Germany, Late 1940s, Early 1950s: A young jazz fan trades on the black market to dress in a <"decadent>" wayDocument 8.5 Croatia/Yugoslavia, 1996, 1950s, 1960s: On travel from a land of socialism to one of capitalism, and backDocument 8.6 USSR, 1970s and 1980s: Inventing Soviet rock 'n' roll: Discovering the Beatles: Vsevolod Gakkel of the Soviet Rock Band AkvariumDocument 9.1 Poland, 1988-89: The <"Orange Alternative>" and revolution as street theatreDocument 9.5 Romania: Lszl Tks (1952- ), the pastor whose resistance helped to galvanize the fall of Romania's Communist regime, reflects on the events ofDecember, 1989 in Timi?oaraCh 10 Introduction Taking Stock: Reckoning with Communism's PastDocument 10.1 A former assistant (Manfred Uschner, 1937-2007) of the East German Communist Party's Central Committee Secretary writes his Communist part for a post-Communist political careerFigure 10.2 A still from the filming of <"Journey Home>" (Rka Pigniczky, 2006)Document 10.5 An Italian Communist (Nicola Vendola, born 1958) on the pre-1991 communism of his youth, and the post-1991 communism of his <"maturity>": His continuing search for <"another possible world>"Internationalizing the RevolutionDocument 1.2 China: Xiao Ke (1909-????) writes his life into the Marxist understanding of historyDocument 1.4 Vietnam: Xuan Phong (1929- ) on her attraction to Vietnamese CommunismDocument 1.5 Algeria: Henri Alleg (1921- ) on clandestine Communist activities during World War IIDocument 1.6 Poland: Jacek Kurn (1934-2004) on the appeal of Communism afterWorld War IIDocument 1.7 Latin America: Testimonies from members of Peru's Shining Path (Sendero Luminoso)Document 2.1 Spain/USSR, Late 1930s: Letters by Spanish children evacuated from Spain to the USSR during the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939) (Letters addressed to family and friends in Spain, 1938)Document 2.2 China, Late 1940s: An orphan of China's war with Japan tries tomake sense of CommunismDocument 2.3 Cambodia, 1975-1979: Childhood under the Khmer RougeDocument 2.4 North Korea: A child and his aquarium during deportation to a concentration campDocument 2.5 Havana, Early 1960s: Childhood in Castro's CubaDocument 3.1 USSR, 1930s-1940s: Homer Smith (1910-1972) on being an African-American in the Soviet UnionDocument 3.2 USSR, 1934: Harry Whyte, an ordinary British Communist, challenges Stalin on homosexualityDocument 3.3 Kazakhstan, USSR: A Chinese student reflects on his role in theSoviet Union's virgin lands campaign in 1958Document 3.4 Lithuania, 1940s-2004: A Lithuanian mother reflects on her disabled son's life.Document 4.2 St. Louis, 1948: A Communist Part Cell puts <"White Chauvinism>" on trial in a Baptist ChurchDocument 4.3 Bulgaria, 1949/1981: A regional Communist Party leader on resistance to collectivization-and its <"transcendence>"Document 4.4 Cuba, 1960s: Luis M. Garcia (1959- ) on folk and <"western>"medicine in Castro's CubaDocument 4.5 Czechoslovakia, 1968: Students explain to workers and farmers why they are on strike, and why their strike is <"socialist>"Document 4.6 China, 1966-76: Contesting the official meaning of China's <"Cutural Revolution>" Raeyang (1950- )Document 5.2 Spain, 1937: Robert Hale Merriman (1908-1938), an American University student and volunteer commander in the international brigades during the Spain Civil WarDocument 5.3 Hungary, 1956: A (University) student reacts to the USSR's violent suppression of the Hungarian RevolutionDocument 5.4 China, 1989: Chinese writers on state violence before and after the massacre on Tiananmen SquareDocument 6.1 Moscow, 1928: A Chinese student in the USSR grapples with love,sex, labor, and the building of socialismDocument 6.3 East Germany, June 17, 1953: Workers (and others!) against the <"Workers' State>"Document 6.4 China, Great Leap Forward (1957-1961): Recollections of a localcadre (Wang Fucheng, 1923- ) and his wife (Wang Xianghua)Document 6.5 Bratislava, June, 1963: The <"Working People of Slovakia>"express their grievances to the President of Czechoslovakia and the First Secretary of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia, Antonin NovotnDocument 7.1 Timi?oara, Romania: University students, <"Living Space,>"and everyday life after World War IIDocument 7.2 Nowa Huta (<"New Steelworks>"), Poland: Building Socialismin Poland's new socialist town from a cultural perspectiveDocument 7.3 Vietnam, 1946-1949: Organic space, human space, and the Viet Minh's guerilla war against the French.Document 8.2 A former Chinese student (Huang Jian, a.k.a. Yura Huanpin, 1927-) in the USSR on what sports meant for his life and for socialismDocument 8.3 Seoul, Korea, 1950: Working as an actress for the North Korean communistsDocument 8.4 East Germany, Late 1940s, Early 1950s: A young jazz fan trades on the black market to dress in a <"decadent>" wayDocument 8.5 Croatia/Yugoslavia, 1996, 1950s, 1960s: On travel from a land ofsocialism to one of capitalism, and backDocument 10.1 A former assistant (Manfred Uschner, 1937-2007) of the East German Communist Party's Central Committee Secretary writes his Communist part for a post-Communist political careerDocument 10.2 A historian from the former East Germany (Hartmut Zwahr, born 1936) on complicity, responsibility, and victimizationDocument 10.4 A Estonian writer, poet, and politician, Jaan Kaplinski (born 1941), on global capitalism as a new <"Soviet Union>"Document 10.5 An Italian Communist (Nicola Vendola, born 1958) on the pre-1991 communism of his youth, and the post-1991 communism of his <"maturity>": His continuing search for <"another possible world>"Law and JusticeDocument 2.5 Havana, Early 1960s: Childhood in Castro's CubaFigure 2.2 A Peruvian youth-part of one of the peasant self-defense forces (rondas campesinas)-holds a sawed-off shotgun.Document 2.6 Peru: Testimony from a child conscripted by the Shining Path (Sendero Luminoso)Document 3.1 USSR, 1930s-1940s: Homer Smith (1910-1972) on being an African-American in the Soviet UnionDocument 3.2 USSR, 1934: Harry Whyte, an ordinary British Communist, challenges Stalin on homosexualityDocument 3.5 East Germany: Letter of 1988 from a working group on homosexuality in a Protestant Church in the city of Halle to the East German Ministry ofthe InteriorFigure 4.1 Japanese Election Poster, April 16, 1946Document 4.5 Czechoslovakia, 1968: Students explain to workers and farmers why they are on strike, and why their strike is <"socialist>"Document 5.1 USSR: A Soviet Teenager (Nina Sergeevna Lugovskaya, 1918-1993) grapples with the meaning of political violence in 1934 in Stalinist RussiaFigure 5.1 Shaming a <"Capitalist Roader>" during Mao's Cultural Revolution. Date stamped on verso: 15 February 1967.Document 5.4 China, 1989: Chinese writers on state violence before and after the massacre on Tiananmen SquareDocument 5.5 Leipzig, East Germany, September, 1989: A Lutheran pastor uses biblical passages to condemn state violence and counsel non-violenceDocument 6.3 East Germany, June 17, 1953: Workers (and others!) against the <"Workers' State>"Document 6.6 Poland, 1982: Polish workers generate a common knowledge of howto resist on an everyday basisDocument 6.7 Leningrad/St. Petersburg, Early 1980s/Early 1990s/Early 2000s: Alexei Rybin (1960- ), the guitarist for the Soviet rock band Kino, on the meaning of work and other thingsDocument 8.5 Croatia/Yugoslavia, 1996, 1950s, 1960s: On travel from a land of socialism to one of capitalism, and backDocument 9.1 Poland, 1988-89: The <"Orange Alternative>" and revolution as street theatreDocument 9.2 East Germany, September-October, 1989: The emergence of <"New Forum>" (Neues Forum)Document 9.6 Ukraine, 1990: Salomea Pavlychko (1958-1999) on a self in flux amidst political uncertainty and economic hardshipCh 10 Introduction Taking Stock and Reckoning with Communism's PastsDocument 10.1 A former assistant (Manfred Uschner, 1937-2007) of the East German Communist Party's Central Committee Secretary writes his Communist part for a post-Communist political careerDocument 10.4 A Estonian writer, poet, and politician, Jaan Kaplinski (born 1941), on global capitalism as a new <"Soviet Union>"Document 10.5 An Italian Communist (Nicola Vendola, born 1958) on the pre-1991 communism of his youth, and the post-1991 communism of his <"maturity>": His continuing search for <"another possible world>"ReligionDocument 1.1 Russia: Semen Kanatchikov (1879-1940) on his circuitous road to MarxismDocument 1.3 United States of America: Angelo Herndon (1913-1997) on his first exposure to CommunismDocument 1.4 Vietnam: Xuan Phong (1929- ) on her attraction to Vietnamese CommunismDocument 2.5 Havana, Early 1960s: Childhood in Castro's CubaDocument 3.1 USSR, 1930s-1940s: Homer Smith (1910-1972) on being an African-American in the Soviet UnionDocument 3.5 East Germany: Letter of 1988 from a working group on homosexuality in a Protestant Church in the city of Halle to the East German Ministry ofthe InteriorFigure 5.1 Shaming a <"Capitalist Roader>" during Mao's Cultural Revolution. Date stamped on verso: 15 February 1967.Document 5.3 Hungary, 1956: A (University) student reacts to the USSR's violent suppression of the Hungarian RevolutionFigure 5.4 <"Swords Into Ploughshares>"Document 5.5 Leipzig, East Germany, September, 1989: A Lutheran pastor uses biblical passages to condemn state violence and counsel non-violenceDocument 6.5 Bratislava, June, 1963: The <"Working People of Slovakia>"express their grievances to the President of Czechoslovakia and the First Secretary of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia, Antonin NovotnDocument 7.1 Timi?oara, Romania: University students, <"Living Space,>"and everyday life after World War IIFigure 8.1 Photograph of Sabira Kumushalieva (1917-2007)Document 8.3 Seoul, Korea, 1950: Working as an actress for the North Korean communistsDocument 8.4 East Germany, Late 1940s, Early 1950s: A young jazz fan trades on the black market to dress in a <"decadent>" wayDocument 9.4 Yugoslavia, 1989-1990: A scholar (Josip %Sentija) on identity, self, and the Croatian nationDocument 9.6 Ukraine, 1990: Salomea Pavlychko (1958-1999) on a self in flux amidst political uncertainty and economic hardshipDocument 10.2 A historian from the former East Germany (Hartmut Zwahr, born 1936) on complicity, responsibility, and victimizationDocument 10.3 Bratislava, Slovakia, 2007: A philosophy student at Comenius University on the spectre a new <"Totalitarian Ideology>" in the post-communist age.Resistance to Communist States and MovementsCh 1 Introduction Becoming a CommunistDocument 1.7 Latin America: Testimonies from members of Peru's Shining Path (Sendero Luminoso)Document 2.5 Havana, Early 1960s: Childhood in Castro's CubaFigure 2.2 A Peruvian youth-part of one of the peasant self-defense forces (rondas campesinas)-holds a sawed-off shotgun.Document 2.6 Peru: Testimony from a child conscripted by the Shining Path (Sendero Luminoso)Document 3.4 Lithuania, 1940s-2004: A Lithuanian mother reflects on her disabled son's life.Document 3.5 East Germany: Letter of 1988 from a working group on homosexuality in a Protestant Church in the city of Halle to the East German Ministry of the InteriorDocument 3.6 Havana, Cuba, 1994: <"Manifesto of the Gay and Lesbian Association of Cuba>"Document 4.3 Bulgaria, 1949/1981: A regional Communist Party leader on resistance to collectivization-and its <"transcendence>"Document 4.5 Czechoslovakia, 1968: Students explain to workers and farmers why they are on strike, and why their strike is <"socialist>"Figure 5.1 Shaming a <"Capitalist Roader>" during Mao's Cultural Revolution. Date stamped on verso: 15 February 1967.Document 5.1 USSR: A Soviet Teenager (Nina Sergeevna Lugovskaya, 1918-1993) grapples with the meaning of political violence in 1934 in Stalinist RussiaDocument 5.3 Hungary, 1956: A (University) student reacts to the USSR's violent suppression of the Hungarian RevolutionDocument 5.4 China, 1989: Chinese writers on state violence before and after the massacre on Tiananmen SquareFigure 5.3 Pictured is one of the victims of the Chinese army crackdown of 3-4 JuneDocument 5.5 Leipzig, East Germany, September, 1989: A Lutheran pastor uses biblical passages to condemn state violence and counsel non-violenceFigure 5.4 <"Swords Into Ploughshares>"Document 6.3 East Germany, June 17, 1953: Workers (and others!) against the <"Workers' State>"Document 6.5 Bratislava, June, 1963: The <"Working People of Slovakia>"express their grievances to the President of Czechoslovakia and the First Secretary of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia, Antonin NovotnDocument 6.6 Poland, 1982: Polish workers generate a common knowledge of howto resist on an everyday basisDocument 8.3 Seoul, Korea, 1950: Working as an actress for the North Korean communistsDocument 8.4 East Germany, Late 1940s, Early 1950s: A young jazz fan trades on the black market to dress in a <"decadent>" wayDocument 8.5 Croatia/Yugoslavia, 1996, 1950s, 1960s: On travel from a land ofsocialism to one of capitalism, and backCh 9 Introduction Search for the self and the fall of CommunismFigure 9.1 This street plaque, which commemorates the events of October 9, 1989 in Leipzig, is located in the paved area next to St. Nicholas ChurchDocument 9.1 Poland, 1988-89: The <"Orange Alternative>" and revolution as street theatreDocument 9.2 East Germany, September-October, 1989: The emergence of <"New Forum>" (Neues Forum)Document 9.3 A West German (Hans-Ulrich Treichel, born in 1952) grapples with the meaning of the fall of the Berlin WallFigure 9.2 Pictured is one of the victims of state violence in Timi?oara, where the Romanian Revolution of 1989 began in December.Document 9.5 Romania: Lszl Tks (1952- ), the pastor whose resistance helped to galvanize the fall of Romania's Communist regime, reflects on the events ofDecember, 1989 in Timi?oaraDocument 9.6 Ukraine, 1990: Salomea Pavlychko (1958-1999) on a self in flux amidst political uncertainty and economic hardshipFigure 10.1 Banner at outdoor exhibit, <"Das Jahr 1989. Bilder einer Zeitwende>": <"Images of a Historical Turning Point.>"Document 10.1 A former assistant (Manfred Uschner, 1937-2007) of the East German Communist Party's Central Committee Secretary writes his Communist part for a post-Communist political careerFigure 10.2 This image is a still from the filming of <"Journey Home>" (Rka Pigniczky, 2006).SurveillanceDocument 1.1 Russia: Semen Kanatchikov (1879-1940) on his circuitous road to MarxismDocument 1.7 Latin America: Testimonies from members of Peru's Shining Path (Sendero Luminoso)Document 2.3 Cambodia, 1975-1979: Childhood under the Khmer RougeDocument 2.4 North Korea: A child and his aquarium during deportation to a concentration campDocument 2.5 Havana, Early 1960s: Childhood in Castro's CubaDocument 2.6 Peru: Testimony from a child conscripted by the Shining Path (Sendero Luminoso)Document 3.1 USSR, 1930s-1940s: Homer Smith (1910-1972) on being an African-American in the Soviet UnionDocument 3.4 Lithuania, 1940s-2004: A Lithuanian mother reflects on her disabled son's life.Document 4.6 China, 1966-76: Contesting the official meaning of China's <"Cutural Revolution>" Raeyang (1950- )Document 5.1 USSR: A Soviet Teenager (Nina Sergeevna Lugovskaya, 1918-1993) grapples with the meaning of political violence in 1934 in Stalinist RussiaDocument 5.4 China, 1989: Chinese writers on state violence before and after the massacre on Tiananmen SquareDocument 5.5 Leipzig, East Germany, September, 1989: A Lutheran pastor uses biblical passages to condemn state violence and counsel non-violenceDocument 6.6 Poland, 1982: Polish workers generate a common knowledge of howto resist on an everyday basisDocument 7.5 The USSR, Late 1960s: Soviet pensioners try to leave the Kommunalka (Communal apartment) for a room or rooms of their own: Letter of 1966 fromAleksei Stepanovich Zlobin to the chair of the Leningrad City Soviet, V. IA. ISAEVDocument 8.3 Seoul, Korea, 1950: Working as an actress for the North Korean communistsDocument 8.4 East Germany, Late 1940s, Early 1950s: A young jazz fan trades on the black market to dress in a <"decadent>" wayDocument 8.6 USSR, 1970s and 1980s: Inventing Soviet rock 'n' rollDocument 9.1 Poland, 1988-89: The <"Orange Alternative>" and revolution as street theatreDocument 9.5 Romania: Lszl Tks (1952- ), the pastor whose resistance helped to galvanize the fall of Romania's Communist regime, reflects on the events ofDecember, 1989 in Timi?oaraDocument 10.1 A former assistant (Manfred Uschner, 1937-2007) of the East German Communist Party's Central Committee Secretary writes his Communist part for a post-Communist political careerDocument 10.2 A historian from the former East Germany (Hartmut Zwahr, born 1936) on complicity, responsibility, and victimizationWomenCh 1 Introduction Becoming CommunistDocument 1.4 Vietnam: Xuan Phong (1929- ) on her attraction to Vietnamese CommunismDocument 1.5 Algeria: Henri Alleg (1921- ) on clandestine Communist activities during World War IIDocument 1.7 Latin America: Testimonies from members of Peru's Shining Path (Sendero Luminoso)Document 2.1 Spain/USSR, Late 1930s: Letters by Spanish children evacuated from Spain to the USSR during the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939) (Letters addressed to family and friends in Spain, 1938)Document 2.2 China, Late 1940s: An orphan of China's war with Japan tries tomake sense of CommunismDocument 2.3 Cambodia, 1975-1979: Childhood under the Khmer RougeDocument 2.4 North Korea: A child and his aquarium during deportation to a concentration campDocument 2.5 Havana, Early 1960s: Childhood in Castro's CubaDocument 2.6 Peru: Testimony from a child conscripted by the Shining Path (Sendero Luminoso)Document 3.1 USSR, 1930s-1940s: Homer Smith (1910-1972) on being an African-American in the Soviet UnionDocument 3.4 Lithuania, 1940s-2004: A Lithuanian mother reflects on her disabled son's life.Document 4.2 St. Louis, 1948: A Communist Part Cell puts <"White Chauvinism>" on trial in a Baptist ChurchDocument 4.3 Bulgaria, 1949/1981: A regional Communist Party leader on resistance to collectivization-and its <"transcendence>"Document 4.4 Cuba, 1960s: Luis M. Garcia (1959- ) on folk and <"western>"medicine in Castro's CubaDocument 4.6 China, 1966-76: Contesting the official meaning of China's <"Cutural Revolution>" Raeyang (1950- )Document 5.1 USSR: A Soviet Teenager (Nina Sergeevna Lugovskaya, 1918-1993) grapples with the meaning of political violence in 1934 in Stalinist RussiaDocument 5.3 Hungary, 1956: A (University) student reacts to the USSR's violent suppression of the Hungarian RevolutionDocument 5.4 China, 1989: Chinese writers on state violence before and after the massacre on Tiananmen SquareDocument 5.5 Leipzig, East Germany, September, 1989: A Lutheran pastor uses biblical passages to condemn state violence and counsel non-violenceDocument 6.1 Moscow, 1928: A Chinese student in the USSR grapples with love,sex, labor, and the building of socialismDocument 6.2 USSR, 1929-1934: Labor and its meaning during Stalin's <"Great Break>"Document 6.3 East Germany, June 17, 1953: Workers (and others!) against the <"Workers' State>"Document 6.4 China, Great Leap Forward (1957-1961): Recollections of a localcadre (Wang Fucheng, 1923- ) and his wife (Wang Xianghua)Document 7.1 Timi?oara, Romania: University students, <"Living Space,>"and everyday life after World War IIDocument 7.2 Nowa Huta (<"New Steelworks>"), Poland: Building Socialismin Poland's new socialist town from a cultural perspectiveDocument 7.3 Vietnam, 1946-1949: Organic space, human space, and the Viet Minh's guerilla war against the French.Document 7.5 The USSR, Late 1960s: Soviet pensioners try to leave the Kommunalka (Communal apartment) for a room or rooms of their own: Letter of 1966 fromAleksei Stepanovich Zlobin to the chair of the Leningrad City Soviet, V. IA. ISAEVFigure 8.1 Photograph of Sabira Kumushalieva (1917-2007)Document 8.1 Kyrgyzstan: Sabira Kumushalieva (1917-2007) on becoming a star of the Kyrgyz stage and screenDocument 8.2 A former Chinese student (Huang Jian, a.k.a. Yura Huanpin, 1927- ) in the USSR on what sports meant for his life and for socialismDocument 8.3 Seoul, Korea, 1950: Working as an actress for the North Korean CommunistsDocument 8.4 East Germany, Late 1940s, Early 1950s: A young jazz fan trades on the black market to dress in a <"decadent>" wayDocument 8.5 Croatia/Yugoslavia, 1996, 1950s, 1960s: On travel from a land of socialism to one of capitalism, and backDocument 8.6 USSR, 1970s and 1980s: Inventing Soviet rock 'n' roll: Discovering the Beatles: Vsevolod Gakkel of the Soviet Rock Band AkvariumDocument 9.1 Poland, 1988-89: The <"Orange Alternative>" and revolution as street theatreDocument 9.2 East Germany, September-October, 1989: The emergence of <"New Forum>" (Neues Forum)Document 9.5 Romania: Lszl Tks (1952- ), the pastor whose resistance helped to galvanize the fall of Romania's Communist regime, reflects on the events ofDecember, 1989 in Timi?oaraDocument 9.6 Ukraine, 1990: Salomea Pavlychko (1958-1999) on a self in flux amidst political uncertainty and economic hardshipDocument 10.1 A former assistant (Manfred Uschner, 1937-2007) of the East German Communist Party's Central Committee Secretary writes his Communist part for a post-Communist political careerDocument 10.2 A historian from the former East Germany (Hartmut Zwahr, born 1936) on complicity, responsibility, and victimization

• ISBN: 978-0-19-536690-7
• Editorial: Oxford University
• Encuadernacion: Rústica
• Páginas: 480
• Fecha Publicación: 13/10/2011
• Nº Volúmenes: 1
• Idioma: Inglés