Performance of the Jet Transport Airplane: Analysis Methods, Flight Operations and Regulations

Performance of the Jet Transport Airplane: Analysis Methods, Flight Operations, and Regulations presents a detailed and comprehensive  treatment of  performance  analysis techniques for jet transport airplanes. Uniquely, the book describes key operational and regulatory procedures and constraints that directly impact the performance of commercial airliners. Topics include: rigid body dynamics; aerodynamic fundamentals; atmospheric models (including standard and non–standard atmospheres); height scales and altimetry; distance and speed measurement; lift and drag and associated mathematical models; jet engine performance (including thrust and specific fuel consumption models); takeoff and landing performance (with airfield and operational constraints); takeoff climb and obstacle clearance; level, climbing and descending flight (including accelerated climb/descent); cruise and range (including solutions by numerical integration); payload range; endurance and holding; maneuvering flight (including turning and pitching maneuvers); total energy concepts; trip fuel planning and estimation (including regulatory fuel reserves); en route operations and limitations (e.g. climb–speed schedules, cruise ceiling, ETOPS); cost considerations (e.g. cost index, energy cost, fuel tankering); weight, balance and trim; flight envelopes and limitations (including stall and buffet onset speeds, V n diagrams); environmental considerations (viz. noise and emissions); aircraft systems and airplane performance (e.g. cabin pressurization and fuel); and performance–related regulatory requirements of the FAA (Federal Aviation Administration) and EASA (European Aviation Safety Agency). Key features: Describes methods for the analysis of the performance of jet transport airplanes during all phases of flight Presents both analytical (closed form) methods and numerical approaches Describes key FAA and EASA regulations that impact airplane performance Presents equations and examples in both SI (Système International) and British units Considers  the  influence  of  operational  procedures  and  its  impact  on  airplane performance Performance of the Jet Transport Airplane: Analysis Methods, Flight Operations, and Regulations provides a comprehensive treatment of the performance of modern jet transport airplanes in an operational context. It is a must–have reference for aerospace engineering students, applied researchers conducting performance–related studies, and flight operations engineers. INDICE: 1 Introduction 1 .1.1 Definitions of performance  .1.2 Commercial air transportation .1.3 Jet transport airplanes: a short history .1.4 Regulatory framework .1.5 Performance–related activities  .1.6 Analysis techniques and idealizations .2 Engineering fundamentals 19 .2.1 Introduction .2.2 Notation, units, and conversion factors .2.3 Mass, momentum, weight, and gravity .2.4 Basics of rigid body dynamics .2.5 Basics of fluid dynamics .2.6 Further reading .3 Aerodynamic fundamentals 53 .3.1 Introduction .3.2 Standard definitions and notation .3.3 Coordinate systems and conventions .3.4 Aerodynamic forces and moments .3.5 Compressibility .3.6 Boundary layers .3.7 High lift devices .3.8 Controls for pitch, roll, and yaw .3.9 Further reading .4 Atmosphere and weather 91 .4.1 Introduction .4.2 International standard atmosphere .4.3 Non–standard and off–standard atmospheres .4.4 The real atmosphere .4.5 Weather .4.6 Stability of the atmosphere .5 Height scales and altimetry 119 .5.1 Introduction .5.2 Height scales .5.3 Altimetry .5.4 Flight levels, tracks, and airspace .6 Distance and speed 135 .6.1 Introduction .6.2 Distance .6.3 True airspeed, ground speed, and navigation .6.4 Speed of sound and Mach number .6.5 Dynamic pressure and equivalent airspeed .6.6 Calibrated airspeed .6.7 Indicated airspeed .6.8 Relationship between airplane speeds .7 Lift and drag 153 .7.1 Introduction .7.2 Airplane lift .7.3 Airplane drag .7.4 Drag polar .7.5 Drag polar corrections .7.6 Lift–to–drag ratio .7.7 Minimum drag condition .7.8 Minimum drag power (required power) condition .7.9 Minimum drag–to–speed ratio condition .7.10 Summary of expressions based on the parabolic drag polar .8 Propulsion 205 .8.1 Introduction .8.2 Basic description of the turbofan engine .8.3 Engine thrust .8.4 Fuel flow and thrust specific fuel consumption .8.5 Thrust control, engine design limits, and ratings .8.6 Thrust variation .8.7 Fuel flow and TSFC variation .8.8 Installation losses and engine deterioration .8.9 Further reading .9 Takeoff performance 259 .9.1 Introduction .9.2 Takeoff distances .9.3 Forces acting on the airplane during the ground run .9.4 Evaluation of the takeoff distance from brake release to rotation .9.5 Rotation and climb–out to clear the screen height .9.6 Empirical estimation of takeoff distances .9.7 Evaluation of rejected takeoff runway distances .9.8 Wheel braking .9.9 Takeoff on contaminated runways .10 Takeoff field length and takeoff climb considerations 301 .10.1 Introduction .10.2 Takeoff reference speeds  .10.3 Takeoff weight limitations .10.4 Runway limitations and data .10.5 Operational field length and runway–limited takeoff weight .10.6 Takeoff climb gradient requirements .10.7 Takeoff climb obstacle clearance .10.8 Derated thrust and reduced thrust takeoff .11 Approach and landing 331 .11.1 Introduction .11.2 Procedure for approach and landing .11.3 Forces acting on the airplane during the ground run .11.4 Landing distance estimation .11.5 Empirical estimation of the landing distance .11.6 Landing on contaminated runways .11.7 Flight operations .11.8 Rejected landing .12 Mechanics of level, climbing, and descending flight 365 .12.1 Introduction .12.2 Basic equations of motion .12.3 Performance in level flight .12.4 Performance in climbing flight .12.5 Performance in descending flight .12.6 Further reading .13 Cruising flight and range performance 399 .13.1 Introduction .13.2 Specific air range and still air range determination .13.3 Analytical integration .13.4 Numerical integration .13.5 Cruise optimization based on aerodynamic parameters .13.6 Best cruise speeds and cruise altitudes .13.7 Further details on the use of the Bréguet range equation .13.8 Influence of wind on cruise performance .14 Holding flight and endurance performance 439 .14.1 Introduction .14.2 Basic equation for holding/endurance .14.3 Analytical integration .14.4 Numerical integration .14.5 Flight conditions for maximum endurance .14.6 Holding operations .15 Mechanics of maneuvering flight 453 .15.1 Introduction .15.2 Turning maneuvers .15.3 Level, coordinated turns .15.4 Climbing or descending turns .15.5 Level, uncoordinated turns .15.6 Limits and constraints in turning maneuvers .15.7 Pitching maneuvers .15.8 Total energy  .16 Trip fuel requirements and estimation 483 .16.1 Introduction .16.2 ICAO requirements  .16.3 FAA requirements .16.4 EASA requirements .16.5 Trip fuel computational procedure .16.6 Payload range performance .16.7 Trip fuel breakdown and fuel fractions .16.8 Trip fuel estimation .16.9 Estimating trip distances .16.10 Transporting (tankering) fuel .16.11 Reclearance .16.12 Factors that can impact cruise fuel .16.13 Impact of small changes on cruise fuel .17 En route operations and limitations 517 .17.1 Introduction .17.2 Climb to initial cruise altitude (en route climb) .17.3 Cruise altitude selection .17.4 En route engine failure .17.5 En route cabin pressurization failure .17.6 Extended operations .17.7 Continuous descent operations .18 Cost considerations 539 .18.1 Introduction .18.2 Airplane operating costs .18.3 Cost index .18.4 Unit energy cost .19 Weight, balance, and trim 561 .19.1 Introduction .19.2 Airplane weight definitions .19.3 Center of gravity .19.4 Longitudinal static stability and stabilizer trim .19.5 Center of gravity control .19.6 Operational weights and dispatch procedures .19.7 Performance implications .20 Limitations and flight envelope 585 .20.1 Introduction .20.2 Stall  .20.3 High–speed buffet .20.4 Altitude speed limitations .20.5 Key regulatory speeds .20.6 Structural design loads and limitations .20.7 V n diagram (flight load envelope) .21 Noise and emissions 615 .21.1 Introduction .21.2 Airplane noise .21.3 Noise regulations and restrictions .21.4 Noise abatement and flight operations .21.5 Airplane emissions .21.6 Mitigating the effects of airplane emissions .22 Airplane systems and performance 639 .22.1 Introduction .22.2 Reliability requirements for airplane systems .22.3 Cabin pressurization system .22.4 Environmental control system .22.5 De–icing and anti–icing systems .22.6 Auxiliary power system .22.7 Fuel and fuel systems .23 Authorities, regulations, and documentation 663 .23.1 Introduction .23.2 International Civil Aviation Organization  .23.3 Aviation authorities .23.4 Regulations, certification, and operations .23.5 Safety investigation authorities .23.6 Non–governmental organizations .23.7 Airplane and flight crew documentation .23.8 Airplane performance data .Appendices 685 .Appendix A:  International Standard Atmosphere (ISA) tables .Appendix B:  SI units and conversion factors .Appendix C:  Coordinate systems and conventions .Appendix D:  Miscellaneous derivations .Appendix E:  Trim and longitudinal static stability .Appendix F:  Regulations (fuel policy) .Appendix G:  Abbreviations and nomenclature .Index 752

• ISBN: 978-1-118-38486-2
• Editorial: Wiley–Blackwell
• Encuadernacion: Rústica
• Páginas: 688
• Fecha Publicación: 15/12/2017
• Nº Volúmenes: 1
• Idioma: Inglés